Performance and serum parameters of growing pigs fed semipurified glycerin ¤ Desempeño productivo y parámetros séricos de cerdos en crecimiento alimentados con glicerina semipurificada Desempenho e parâmetros séricos de suínos em crescimento alimentados com glicerina semipurificada Rei, Praça Frei Orlando, 170, Centro, CEP 36307-352, São João Del-Rei, MG, Brasil. (Received: November 16, 2015; accepted: August 16, 2016) AbstractBackground: the use of semi-purified glycerin in pig diets has been studied as an alternative energy source. Objective: to evaluate growth performance and serum levels of glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, and urea in pigs fed diets containing semi-purified glycerin during the growth phase. Methods: forty barrows with an initial weight of 27.30 ± 1.74 Kg, distributed in a randomized complete block design with four treatments and five replicates were used. The dietary treatments were a combination of corn and soybean meal diets with the addition of 0, 5, 10 or 15% semi-purified glycerin. The experimental period lasted 27 days and was divided into two periods. Results: during Period 1, pig performance did not differ with the inclusion of semi-purified glycerin in the diet. In Period 2, an improvement in average daily weight gain was observed. In the total period, an improvement was observed in the average daily weight gain, feed/gain ratio and final weight of the animals. However, serum parameters were not affected by the inclusion of semi-purified glycerin in the diets. Conclusion: the addition of up to 15% semi-purified glycerin to the diet of growing pigs improves growth performance without affecting serum parameters.Keywords : cholesterol, co-product, glucose, glycerol, triglycerides, urea. 12Rev Colomb Cienc Pecu 2017; 30:11-20 Verussa GH et al. Glycerin for growing pigsResumen Antecedentes: el uso de la glicerina semi-purificada en la dieta de cerdos se ha estudiado como una fuente alternativa de energía. Objetivo: evaluar el desempeño y los niveles séricos de glucosa, triglicéridos, colesterol y urea en cerdos alimentados con dietas que contienen glicerina semi-purificada durante la fase de crecimiento. Métodos: fueron utilizados 40 machos castrados con un peso inicial de 27,30 ± 1,74 Kg, distribuidos en un diseño experimental en bloques al azar con cuatro tratamientos y cinco repeticiones. Los tratamientos se basaron en maíz y harina de soja con adición de 0, 5, 10 o 15% de glicerina semi-purificada. El período experimental duró 27 días, dividido en dos períodos. Resultados: en el período 1, el desempeño productivo de los cerdos no fue alterado por la inclusión de glicerina semi-purificada en la dieta. En el período 2 se observó una mejora en la ganancia diaria de peso. En el período total se observó una mejora en la ganancia diaria de peso, conversión alimenticia y el peso final de los animales. Los parámetros séricos no se afectaron por la inclusión de glicerina semi-purificada en la dieta. Conclusión: la adición de glicerina semi-purificada hasta en un 15% en la di...

-The objective of this study was to determine the nutritional value of glycerin for pigs using different inclusion levels of this test ingredient and the methodologies of total collection and chromium oxide marker. Eight barrows were distributed individually into metabolic cages, in a randomized-block experimental design, and fed diets containing 0, 50, 100, and 150 g kg −1 plant-derived crude glycerin. The feed digestibility methodologies of total feces and urine collection and chromium oxide marker were analyzed. Inclusion of up to 150 g kg −1 crude glycerin improved the digestibility coefficients of organic matter and energy of the diets. The collection method based on the use of chromium oxide marker underestimates the digestibility coefficient of ash and the energy values of glycerin in relation to the total collection method, but yields similar results to those obtained with the total collection method for the dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, and neutral detergent fiber assessed.

Rafaeli Gonçalves Leite 1 VERUSSA, G. H.; CORASSA, A.; PINA, D. dos S.; TON, A. P. S.; KOMIYAMA, C. M.; LEITE, R. G. Caracterização, uso e limitações da glicerina na alimentação de suínos: revisão. Arq. Ciênc. Vet. Zool. UNIPAR, Umuarama, v. 19, n. 3, p. 179-186, jul./set. 2016. RESUMO:Glicerina é um líquido adocicado, higroscópico, inodoro, viscoso, energético, contendo variáveis níveis de glicerol, sendo utilizado como nutriente glicogênico ou lipogênico, dependendo da condição energética do animal. O glicerol ou 1,2,3-propanotriol é pertencente a função álcool, com três hidroxilas, de fórmula molecular C 3 H 8 O 3 . Em suínos, altos níveis de inclusão de glicerina podem proporcionar baixo conteúdo energético, pois o sistema enzimático da glicerol quinase torna--se saturado na conversão do glicerol para glicerol-3-fosfato, sendo o excesso excretado pela urina. A matéria-prima é um dos fatores que mais influenciam na composição da glicerina, podendo ser produzida a partir de óleo de soja, sebo bovino, gordura amarela e gordura de aves. Os componentes com maior participação na composição são glicerol, água e lipídios, contudo as limitações de seu uso na alimentação animal estão ligadas aos níveis residuais de sódio, potássio, metanol e umidade. Os níveis de glicerina bruta mais indicados para a viabilidade técnica e econômica estão em torno de 10%, sendo que acima de 15% compromete o desempenho e a viabilidade econômica. Por possuir características favoráveis e teores de energia em torno de 3.579 kcal/kg de energia metabolizável, a glicerina pode ser utilizada como ingrediente energético em rações para suínos. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Biocombustível. Coproduto. Glicerol. Metabolismo. Viabilidade. CHARACTERIZATION, USE AND LIMITATIONS OF GLYCERIN IN PIG FEED: A REVIEWABSTRACT: Glycerin is a sweet, hygroscopic, odorless, viscous, energetic liquid containing variable glycerol levels being used as glycogen or lipogenic nutrient, depending on the energy condition of the animal. Glycerol, or 1,2,3-propanetriol, belongs to the alcohol group, with three hydroxyls, and the molecular formula of C 3 H 8 O 3 . In pigs, the inclusion of high levels of glycerin can provide low energy content, since the enzyme system in glycerol kinase becomes saturated in the conversion of glycerol to glycerol-3-phosphate, with the excess being excreted in the urine. The feedstock is one of the factors that most influence the composition of glycerin, which may be produced from soybean oil, beef tallow, yellow grease, and poultry fat. The components with the highest involvement in the composition are glycerol, water and lipids, however, the limitations of use in animal feed are connected to residual levels of sodium, potassium, methanol and humidity. Crude glycerin levels better suited to the technical and economic viability are at approximately 10%, while compromising the performance and economic viability if above 15%. Since it has favorable characteristics and energy levels around 3.579 kcal/kg of metabolizable energy, glycerin can be used as an en...

Glycerin is a by-product from the biodiesel chain whose energy value can be beneficial to pig diets. In this study, eight barrows were distributed individually into metabolic cages in a completely randomized block design. The animals were fed diets containing 0, 5, 10 and 15% glycerin from soybean oil and subjected to the methods of total feces and urine collection and chromic oxide marker. We determined the digestibility coefficients (DC); the dietary levels of digestible dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), mineral matter (MM), ether extract (EE), an neutral detergent fiber (NDF); digestible energy (DE); metabolizable energy (ME); and these last two variables corrected for the nitrogen content (DEn and MEn). Digestible OM values increased linearly with glycerin inclusion in the diets. The digestible CP of the diets showed an inversely proportional relationship with glycerin inclusion levels. Digestible MM decreased linearly when determined by the total collection method and quadratically when determined by the marker method. There was a linear increase in the digestible and metabolizable coefficients of energy, DE, DEn, ME and MEn of the diets as the glycerin inclusion level was increased. Inclusion of up to 15% glycerin obtained from soybean oil production increased the digestible fractions of organic matter and energy of the diets. Key words: Biodiesel. Digestibility. Glycerol. Marker. Metabolizability. Total feces collection. ResumoA glicerina é um coproduto oriundo da cadeia do biodiesel que possui valor energético capaz de contribuir favoravelmente em dietas para suínos. Neste estudo, foram utilizados oito suínos machos castrados, distribuídos individualmente em gaiolas de metabolismo em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso. Os animais foram alimentados com dietas contendo 0, 5, 10 e 15% de glicerina oriunda do óleo de soja, submetidos ao método de coleta total de fezes e urina e o indicador óxido crômico. Foram determinados os coeficientes de digestibilidade (CD); e níveis dietéticos digestíveis de matéria seca (MS), matéria orgânica (MO), proteína bruta (PB), matéria mineral (MM), extrato etéreo (EE) e and tallow; and 9.1% in units that use the soybean and cottonseed oils.

Glycerin is a by-product from the biodiesel chain whose energy value can be beneficial to pig diets. In this study, eight barrows were distributed individually into metabolic cages in a completely randomized block design. The animals were fed diets containing 0, 5, 10 and 15% glycerin from soybean oil and subjected to the methods of total feces and urine collection and chromic oxide marker. We determined the digestibility coefficients (DC); the dietary levels of digestible dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), mineral matter (MM), ether extract (EE), an neutral detergent fiber (NDF); digestible energy (DE); metabolizable energy (ME); and these last two variables corrected for the nitrogen content (DEn and MEn). Digestible OM values increased linearly with glycerin inclusion in the diets. The digestible CP of the diets showed an inversely proportional relationship with glycerin inclusion levels. Digestible MM decreased linearly when determined by the total collection method and quadratically when determined by the marker method. There was a linear increase in the digestible and metabolizable coefficients of energy, DE, DEn, ME and MEn of the diets as the glycerin inclusion level was increased. Inclusion of up to 15% glycerin obtained from soybean oil production increased the digestible fractions of organic matter and energy of the diets. Key words: Biodiesel. Digestibility. Glycerol. Marker. Metabolizability. Total feces collection. ResumoA glicerina é um coproduto oriundo da cadeia do biodiesel que possui valor energético capaz de contribuir favoravelmente em dietas para suínos. Neste estudo, foram utilizados oito suínos machos castrados, distribuídos individualmente em gaiolas de metabolismo em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso. Os animais foram alimentados com dietas contendo 0, 5, 10 e 15% de glicerina oriunda do óleo de soja, submetidos ao método de coleta total de fezes e urina e o indicador óxido crômico. Foram determinados os coeficientes de digestibilidade (CD); e níveis dietéticos digestíveis de matéria seca (MS), matéria orgânica (MO), proteína bruta (PB), matéria mineral (MM), extrato etéreo (EE) e and tallow; and 9.1% in units that use the soybean and cottonseed oils.