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Surface topography and chemical composition are centrally important in current implants for enhancing cellular responses. To investigate the synergistic effect of micro/nanostructure and bioactive ions on the spreading, proliferation, and differentiation of murine osteoblasts, the micro/nanostructured titanium surface containing bioactive ions (Zn 2þ and Sr 2þ ) was fabricated via sandblasting, acid etching, alkali-heat treatment, and ion exchange. Compared to polished titanium substrates, micro/ nanostructured titanium substrates displayed the enhanced roughness and hydrophilicity. And surface functionalization of micro/nanostructured using Zn 2þ /Sr 2þ ions exhibited the sustained release for a period of time. Meanwhile, cell experiments indicated that the Zn/Sr loaded micro/ nanostructured titanium surfaces had a great potential to promote cell spreading, proliferation, and differentiation. This study provides a more promising method to design the surface of titanium implants for enhancing osseointegration.

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