The present study measures levels of stigma within health care settings in urban and rural Gujarat, in an attempt to understand how this may have contributed to the state's increasing HIV incidence. Two sites were studied: a rural hospital in Bardoli and an urban hospital in Surat. HIV-associated stigma among healthcare workers (N=170) was assessed using a Stigma Index. Overall, analyses suggest an increase in medical education was found to be associated with higher stigmatisation (p<0.001). Furthermore, a statistically significant difference between stigma scores of HCWs in rural and urban Gujarat was not observed. RésuméCette étude mesure les niveaux de stigmatisation dans des environnementaux médicaux situés dans les zones urbaines et rurales du Gujarat, afin d' essayer de comprendre comment la stigmatisation pourrait avoir contribué à l'incidence croissante du VIH dans l'Etat. Deux sites ont été étudiés : un hôpital situé en zone rurale à Bardoli et un hôpital urbain à Surat. La stigmatisation associée au VIH parmi les travailleurs de la santé (N=170) a été évaluée en utilisant un indice de stigmatisation. Globalement, les analyses suggèrent qu'une meilleure éducation médicale était associée à une plus forte stigmatisation (p<0.001). De plus, aucune différence statistiquement importante entre les résultats de la stigmatisation des travailleurs de la santé dans les zones rurales et ceux des zones urbaines du Gujarat n'a été observée.

To analyze the reason for discarding whole blood and red cell concentrates in a Regional Blood Transfusion Centre in India. Retrospective analysis of electronic data on collection of blood and reason for discard of whole blood and red cell concentrate between January 2012 and December 2016. 1,70,431 units of blood were collected between January 2012 and December 2016 in various blood donation camps. On an average 6.60% whole blood or red cell units were discarded because of various reasons. Out dating was the single important cause for discarding such units leading to loss of 6.7-7 million rupees (USD 1,00,000) to the blood bank. Infective units, haemolysed units, insufficient amount collected units and leakage were other important causes for discarding the units. Using multiple approaches of donor selection, staff training rescheduling of blood camps and sharing this precious resource with other blood bank can significantly minimize the discard rate. The reasons for discard of blood units varied not only from one blood centre to other but also from one country to another.

Sutureless tension-free meshplasty of these rare hernias can be successfully performed with the posterior approach. This method of repair is easy, safe, and effective.

A four years old female child presented after 2 months of ingestion of battery fluid (sulfuric acid) accidently with stricture of the distal esophagus, esophagogastric junction, and fundus as well as proximal portion of the body of the stomach. Corrosive stricture involving the distal esophagus with the proximal stomach is not a frequently encountered condition. Side to side esophagogastrojejunostomy without removal of the strictured esophagus or stomach (side to side esophagogastrojejunoplasty) can be done in such patient hence preserving the stomach which is important physiologically as a reservoir and for the secretion of gastric juices. In review of literature in search engines like MD Consult, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase and standard textbooks of surgery, we could not find such procedure had been performed till date, so that it is the innovative approach with support of literature and surgical principles.

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