Single-shade universal resin composites (SsURC) are preferred in clinical practice to reduce time for shade selection and obtain good esthetic results. In this study, the static mechanical properties of seven new SsURCs were investigated, their spectral analyzes were performed and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) evaluations were presented. Charisma Diamond One/DO, Admira Fusion x-tra/AFX, Omnichroma/OC, OptiShade/OS, Essentia Universal/EU, Zenchroma/ZC, Vittra APS Unique/VU were used in a three-point bending test to determine flexural strength (FS) and elastic modulus (EM); Vickers micro-hardness (VHN) and hardness-ratio (HR) were performed with a micro-hardness tester from top/bottom after 24-h/15-days of storage in distilled water at 37°C (±1 °C). The degree of conversion (DC) was assessed by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The structure of the resin matrix and filler content were assessed by SEM. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS V23 and the R program and the significance level was taken as p < 0.05. The main effect of the tested SsURCs was found to be statistically significant on FS, EM, VHN, and DC values (p < 0.001). Bis-GMA free SsURCs (AFX, DO, VU) showed better DC and HR except for OC. All seven tested SsURCs conform to the requirements of ISO standards for dental resin composites for all tested categories.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of herbal medicaments such as ginger, rosemary and honey on remineralization of initial enamel lesion. Methods: Demineralized human enamel specimens were measured for baseline surface microhardness and fluorescence methods. Ten specimens in each of four groups were used in this in vitro recycling study with the following treatments which applied three times a day: 1) sodium fluoride toothpaste (Ipana, Procter & Gamble, Turkey), 2) gingerhoney (Arifoglu Herbals, Anzer Honey, Turkey), 3) ginger-honey-chocolate (Bind Chocolate, Turkey), 4) rosemary oil (Arifoglu Herbals, Turkey). Treatment regimens of demineralization and remineralization cycle were applied for 21 days. The post-treatment data were obtained by measurements of surface microhardness and fluorescence methods. Data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA test with Tukey's honest significant difference test. Results: Enhanced remineralization was observed with several of the treatment systems including ginger + honey and rosemary. Significant differences between treatments were observed by microhardness and FluoreCam fluorescence assesment, compared to the positive control group (NaF dentifrice). Significantly, greater remineralization was observed with the honey + ginger treatment regimen. No significant differences between groups were observed using the fluorescence assessment method, quantitative lightinduced fluorescence. Conclusions: Herbals (ginger, honey and rosemary) have enhanced remineralization of initial enamel lesion.

SUMMARY Objectives: The initial shade of a resin-based restorative material should be the same as that after polymerization. In this study, the color changes of translucent and opaque composites from nine different brands were assessed after polymerization using a spectrophotometer and cross-polarization (CP) photography. Methods and Materials: Thirteen nano-hybrid (Essentia LE, GC Corp; Ceram.x Duo SphereTEC A2E/A2D, Dentsply Sirona; Harmonize A2E/A2D, Kerr Dental; IPS Empress Direct A2E/A2D, Ivoclar Vivadent; Mosaic EN/A2, Ultradent Products; Clearfil Majesty Es-2 A2E/A2D, Kuraray Noritake; Charisma Topaz A2/OL, Kulzer), two supra nano-hybrid (Estelite Asteria NE/A2B; Tokuyama), two nano-filled (Filtek Ultimate A2E/ A2D; 3M) light-curing resin composites, and one micro-hybrid (Essentia MD, GC Corp) light-curing resin composite were tested. Disc-shaped specimens (n=5) were prepared using silicone molds (12 × 5 mm) and polymerized from both sides using an LED curing light (Elipar Deepcure S, 3M) at a light intensity of 1470 mW/cm2. Measurements were performed before and 1 day after polymerization using a contact-type dental spectrophotometer (Easy Shade 5, VITA Zahnfabrik, Bad Säckingen, Germany) and a combination of CP photography and Photoshop CC software (Adobe Inc, San Jose, CA, USA). Spectrophotometry and CP photography ΔE* values were calculated; the perceptibility threshold was a ΔE* value of 1.2. VITA spectrophotometry color change scores were also calculated and evaluated. Results: The overall ΔE* values ranged between 0.34 and 12.56. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that color change was associated most strongly with composite brand (p&lt;0.001), followed by shade (p=0.002). Color change (p=0.002) and degree of darkening/lightening (p&lt;0.001) were significantly greater for dentin compared to enamel shades. Clearfil Majesty Es-2 (Kuraray Noritake) showed significant lightening, whereas all other composites showed darkening after polymerization. All composite brands presented perceptible (ΔE*≥1.2) color changes. Estelite Asteria (Tokuyama), Ceram.x Duo SphereTEC (Dentsply Sirona), and Harmonize (Kerr Dental) were considered the most reliable brands regardless of the shade. The spectrophotometry and CP photography methods were positively correlated (p&lt;0.001). Also, CIEDE2000 and CIELCH (also referred to as CIE L*c*h) color systems were positively correlated based on the ΔE* values (p&lt;0.001). Conclusions: Despite improvements in the chemical composition of, and fillers for, contemporary resin-based composites (RBCs), all tested composite brands showed perceptible color change after polymerization, except for some shades. Under the conditions in this study, it is preferable to polymerize the composite during the trial phase, before identifying the most appropriate shade. CP photography in combination with Photoshop analysis appears to be a reliable and promising approach for color evaluation.