Van city has serious socio-economic cultural development problems. Despite these problems, Van's cultural and natural diversity, as well as its potential to be an important commercial center due to its geopolitical situation, are important for the solution of extant problems. In this regard, this paper strives to examine the challenges of Van from the cultural aspect. Accordingly; in Van, the investments determined by the actors affecting the development and planning process periodically (2003-2016) were evaluated vis-à-vis the classification of cultural economy and human development index. Content analysis was used in the research. The European Union (EU) is one of the international actors in Van and the national actors are; Ministry of Development, Ministry of Interior, Ministry of Culture and Tourism, T.C. Prime Ministry General Directorate of Foundations, Eastern Anatolia Project (EAP) Regional Development Administration, Eastern Anatolia Development Agency (EADA) and Municipalities. It is seen that these are important actors in development policies and the investments they have made coincide with the strategies they have targeted. International actors prioritize social and human development investments within the framework of EU regional development policies. National actors however followed both a development model within the scope of industry, trade and services, which was predominantly based on the economic perspective, and a development model from the tourism perspective in the services class. Consequently, it is seen that development in Van is not directly evaluated from the cultural view, but evaluated together with tourism, culture is instrumentalized for tourism and cultural tourism is brought to the fore and cultural policies are developed from the tourism perspective.

Rapid urbanization, migration and population growth induced demands exceed the carrying capacity of the cities and thus the existing urban infrastructure becomes insufficient. Developments in social life in the metropolitan cities, technological progresses and the related increase in the movements caused introduction of noise to the people's lives. Increase in the length and number of the highways for intra-city transportation in addition to changing life styles cause an increase in the densities, which results in noise pollution in the cities and on the main roads. Noise preventing structures are used to prevent/reduce the noise pollution caused by intra-city transportation. Among these structures, noise barriers and plants as live materials play an active role. In this study, noise sources in the intra-city transportation are described and effectiveness of the measures to reduce noise pollution is discussed.Keywords: Intra-city transportation, Noise, Noise barriers Kent İçi Ulaşımda Gürültü PerdeleriÖzet: Hızlı kentleşme, göç ve nüfus artışı kentlerin taşıma kapasitesini zorlamakta ve buna bağlı olarak mevcut kentsel altyapı yetersiz kalmaktadır. Metropol kentlerde sosyal hayatta yaşanan gelişmeler, teknolojik ilerleme ve bunlara bağlı olan hareketlilik artışı, gürültünün de kaçınılmaz olarak insan hayatına girmesine sebep olmuştur. Özellikle kent içi ulaşımda otoyolların uzunluğunun ve sayısının artması ve değişen hayat standartları nedeniyle trafikteki gürültü kirliliğini önlemek için kent içinde uygulanan hızlı artışlar ve yoğunlaşmalar, şehir ve anayollarda gürültü kirliliğine neden olmaktadır. Kent içi ulaşımdan kaynaklı gürültü kirliliğini önlemede/azaltmada gürültü önleyici yapı türleri kullanılmaktadır. Bu yapılardan gürültü perdeleri ve canlı materyal olarak bitki örtüsü aktif bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, kent içi ulaşımdan kaynaklı gürültü kaynakları tanımlanmış ve gürültü kirliliğini azaltmaya yönelik önlemlerin etkinliği tartışılmıştır.

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of nickel on nutrient contents of daffodil (Narcissus poeticus L. c.v. "Ice Folies") in nickel contaminated media. This research was carried out in a completely randomized experimental design with three replications in greenhouse conditions. Four different doses of nickel (control, 25 mg kg -1 , 50 mg kg -1 , 75 mg kg -1 ) were applied to each pot having 500 g soil:sand mixture in 2:1 ratio. The distillate water was used in irrigation and ½ hoagland solution was applied for fertilization. At the end of experiment the highest K, Mg and Ca contents of daffodil bulbs were obtained as 0.90 %, 0.91 % and 2.72 % in control respectively. The highest Fe (27.42 mg kg -1 ), Cu (7.62 mg kg -1 ), and Zn (20.99 mg kg -1 ) were in 50 mg kg-1, 75 mg kg -1 and 25 mg kg -1 nickel applications respectively. Similarly the highest K, Mg and Ca contents of daffodil leaves were obtained as 2.