The objective of the present study was to assess the effects of occupational exposure to noise and organic solvents on hearing loss in bus and truck plant workers. Our case control study contained 469 workers from a bus and truck plant divided into three groups. The first group contained workers exposed to only noise; the second group contained workers exposed to both noise and mixture solvents at a permissible level; and the third group included workers exposed to permissible levels of solvents. The control group (Group 4) included 119 individuals selected randomly, persons who were not exposed to noise and solvents. These groups were compared in terms of each individual's frequency hearing loss in both ears. Our study demonstrates that combined exposure to mixed solvents and noise can exacerbate hearing loss in workers. Hence, a suitable hearing protection program is advised that would contain short-interval audiometric examinations and efficient hearing protectors.

BackgroundThe Milan system reporting salivary gland cytopathology (MSRSGC) is a tiered classification scheme that is based on risk stratification. The aim of the current study was to assess the risk of malignancy (ROM) and risk of neoplasia (RON) in each of the diagnostic categories proposed by the MSRSGC.MethodsA retrospective analysis and categorization according to the MSRSGC was made of salivary gland fine needle aspirations (FNA) performed from January 2007 to December 2017. The FNA cytology results were correlated with subsequent histological follow‐up.ResultsA total of 578 FNAs were evaluated and histopathology was available for 198 cases (34.2%). The RON and ROM for individual diagnostic categories were: Non‐diagnostic: 52.2% to 13%, non‐neoplastic: 21.4% to 10.7%, atypia of undetermined significance: 74% to 22.2%, benign neoplasm: 100% to 1.1%, salivary gland neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential: 93.3% to 53.3%, suspicious for malignancy (SFM): 100% to 100%, and malignant: 100% to 100%. A diagnosis of 'SFM' or 'malignant' with FNA cytology carried a 100% risk for malignancy, while a diagnosis of “non‐neoplastic,” “benign neoplasm” reduced the probability of malignancy to 3.4%.ConclusionThe MSRSGC is useful for the management of salivary gland lesions as it can successfully differentiate between benign and malignant cases. It will bring uniformity in salivary gland FNA cytology reporting across various institutions globally.

Patients have considerable differences in their flow patterns and force distributions during respiration. Patient-specific models may help in evaluation and treatment planning.

Nasal obstruction is a common cause of marked nasal septal deviation. It is related strongly with hypoxia. Hypoxic conditions increase mean platelet volume levels. This study aimed to investigate the effect of age on mean platelet volume in patients with marked nasal septal deviation. We made a retrospective study of patients with marked nasal septal deviation between January 2012 and May 2014. The patients were divided into four groups according to duration of nasal obstruction (less than 10, 10-20, 20-30 and more than 30 years). The groups were compared with each other in terms of mean platelet volume, platelet distribution width, platelet count in preoperative hemogram. This study was performed on 356 male and 139 female patients. Mean age was 33.9 ± 12.3 years. It was determined that the platelet count, mean platelet volume did not constitute statistically significant difference between groups (p > 0.05). Nevertheless, it was determined that as the duration of nasal obstruction elongated the mean platelet volume value increased and platelet count values decreased. Mean values of platelet distribution width constituted statistically significant difference between all groups (p = 0.026). Patients with marked nasal septum deviation should be subjected to surgery as soon as possible because of the increase in mean platelet volume and platelet distribution width values which are related to increase in the risk of cardiopulmonary complications of nasal obstruction.

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