Abstract:The criterion of sustainable design today ranks among the most important factors influencing architectural design, and the contributions of sustainability to architectural design are steadily increasing in parallel with developments in technology and material science. Although sustainability seems to be a new concept, the subject, in reality, is not. Much of contemporary architecture depends on references to traditional architecture in its development, and there are many examples of sustainable architecture found in different parts of the world to which architects can refer. Turkey is one of these countries and it has a variety of traditional housing cultures that have developed with their own unique characteristics. This paper uses two examples that are very different from each other to investigate the traces of sustainable design criteria in Turkey's traditional housing architecture. One of the investigated locations is in Cumalikizik, while the other is located in Mardin.

The aim of this study is to investigate the methods for learning from the past and to explore alternative directions/approaches towards transferring past knowledge for the living environments of tomorrow. To achieve this objective, this study suggests a holistic model that combines a variety of layers, directions and methods for utilizing vernacular-architecture knowledge. Three key components of this model are: (1) Learning from Vernacular Architecture (LF-VA), (2) Learning from Experience (LF-E) and (3) Learning from Researchers (LF-R). Based on the scope of this study, each component has been independently examined and their unique characteristics as well as subcomponents have been indicated. Finally, the authors of this study suggested a model that can make alternative situations visible not only for their future researches, but also for other scholars aiming to learn from vernacular architecture.

The Covid-19 outbreak has significantly influenced all disciplines from economics to politics, especially health, and forced every discipline to develop new strategies to adapt to this situation. For this reason, education has been suspended as of mid-March 2020 in our country; after the break, education methods have changed in a mandatory and rapid way and largely switched to distance education. This compulsory transformation has required the creation of new methods and approaches, especially for applied courses. In this context, this article focuses on a remote architectural design studio experience and explores this experience's problems and potential. This research is in the framework of an adapted architectural design studio setup enriched by authors with online environment-specific tools, including components that centralize participatory production (collaborative learning approach) and enable interaction such as workshops and seminars. The studio (201 A) was experienced in the 2020-21 fall semester by remote conducting with 2nd-grade architecture students. In the article, the process is revealed in detail, and the architectural design studio has been discussed extensively with the student survey and the instructors' experiences. As a result, it has been observed that the studio's components, such as interaction, collectivism, multilayeredness, dynamism, making criticism, and juries, can survive in distance education. Although verbal communication difficulties were experienced in the remote studio, visuality/screen sharing supported the communication throughout the process. However, it is obvious that the content, methods, and tools for remote architectural design studio education should be developed with a different and new approach than face-to-face education. In order to develop more effective methods in this scope, research is required to continue, prepare a large number of experience environments supported by these studies and, most importantly, share these experiences.

Whether created by transforming historic buildings, whether contemporary and new design products, museums play a key role in terms of the image and attractiveness of the city they are located in. This study investigates the relation that the museums in Istanbul have established with the city in the context of image. The method employed is to first introduce the theoretical context of the subject based on literature review; to analyze the selected museums in terms of the city-museum interaction and to evaluate the selected museums within the context of the contributions they make to the image of Istanbul by descriptive methodology. As a result, the contribution of the museums on the city and the contribution of the city on the museums have been demonstrated and the varying and symbiotic nature of this relationship has been emphasized.

Within the scope of this article shopping malls were discussed as a building type and the evolution of a building type was tried to be witnessed within a twenty-five year period by comparing the early and late examples of shopping malls in Istanbul. The change of Istanbul’s shopping culture / spaces and the inclusion of shopping centers into the practice of architecture as a building type are briefly mentioned . Each of the selected malls were separately examined in terms of location, concept, space organization and other functions included, and in the fourth section both early and late examples were evaluated together in the same terms with a holistic perspective. The effect of shopping malls, the number of which constantly increases in Istanbul, on the city and its architecture is highly important. These massive bodies of buildings play a significant role in the formation and even definition of the new settlement areas of the city, and generate new areas of attraction. Due to these reasons, from location to architectural characteristic, from schedule to interior quality, they need to be designed punctiliously and with the consideration of the effects at all levels.