The objective of this study was to identify and to apply appropriate biotests having the advantages of being highly sensitive, easy to run, relatively inexpensive and able to substitute fish toxicity tests due to ethical reasons of animal welfare. To perform an ecotoxicological assessment of industrial wastewaters, different microbiotests were conducted to substitute the fish toxicity test with Lebistes reticulatus through Vibrio fischeri, Thamnocephalus platyurus, Daphnia magna, Lemna minor and Lepidium sativum representing different trophic levels in the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Also, Algaltox F(TM) with Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Protox F(TM) with Tetrahymena thermophila tests were carried out. However, they could not be applied successfully for the wastewater samples. Wastewater samples from seven different industrial zones comprising different industries were subjected to characterization through measuring their physical-chemical parameters and their toxicity versus the above-mentioned organisms. T. platyurus, D. magna and L. reticulatus were the most sensitive test organisms investigated for the wastewaters. Considering toxic unit values, generally wastewater samples were toxic according to Thamnotox F(TM), Daphtox F(TM) and fish toxicity tests. As an important outcome, it was concluded that Daphtox F(TM) and Thamnotox F(TM) could be a good alternative for the fish toxicity test, which is so far the sole toxicity test accepted by the Turkish Water Pollution Control Regulation.

ÖZÇevre laboratuvarları rutin kullanımlarında basit solvent, su veya özel bertaraf gerektiren biyolojik veya kimyasal tehlikeli atıklar gibi çok çeşitli ve çok miktarlarda atık üretmektedir. Yeşil Laboratuvar sertifikası, laboratuvarın sürdürülebilirliğini arttırmak için ilkeler belirleyen bir sertifikasyon yöntemidir. Yeşil laboratuvar sertifikasının sadece kuruluş veya firmalar değil, ülke ve bölgeler içinde önemli risk yöntemi ve rekabet avantajları sağladığı bilinmektedir. Bu çalışma da Türkiye'deki çevre laboratuvarlarının çevresel sürdürülebilirliği 31 yeşil laboratuvar ilkesine göre anket tekniği kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. ABSTRACTEnvironmental laboratories create a lot amount of waste in the routine use; waste products range from simple solvents, such as water, to biologically or chemically hazardous wastes that require special disposal. The Green Laboratory certificate is a certification method that determines principles to increase the sustainability of the laboratory. It is known that green laboratory certification provide significant risk methods and competitive advantages within countries and regions, not just individual organizations or companies. In this study, the environmental sustainability of environmental laboratories in Turkey was evaluated according to the 31 principles of green laboratory using survey techniques.

A new passive sampler reinforced with a composite membrane was developed to determine the 8-h ozone (O3) concentration in ambient air. The composite membrane's water absorption capacity and porosity values were found analyzing its surface morphology using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).Ozone adsorption performance of this sampler was tested by a badge-type sampler and automated measurement results. The developed sampler gave results equivalent (R² = 0.85) to those of automated O3 monitors, and its experimental sampling rate was determined to be 55 cm³/min, approximately two times higher than the rate of the badge-type sampler. The detection limit obtained (5.3 μg/m<sup>3<.sup>, 8 h sampling) in the study was adequate for winter-period samplings where in the ozone concentration is low in urban and semi-urban areas. Multimedia sampling results revealed that the results of the developed passive sampler had a high repeatability (RSD < 20%). Passive samplers reinforced with composite membranes were tested by badge-type samplers performing simultaneous samplings in land conditions. Area sampling results indicated that badge-type samplers were not suitable for 8-h area samplings, but tube-type samplers could be used.

The aim of this study was to determine the level of 26 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) at parking garages and to provide the necessary annual information based on occupational inhalation exposure and non-occupational inhalation exposure, which carry risks for the environment. For this purpose, 22 samples were collected continuously from both gas and particulates phase PAHs from two parking garages at Konya City Center, Turkey. The exposure-based risk of these samples was evaluated using concentrations of the carcinogenic PAH compounds. None of the 26 PAHs measured had values exceeding the recommended exposure limits (RELs) standard values for inhalation rate recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Exposure levels of gas and particulate PAHs for the occupational group and the public (children and adults who spend time in shopping centers) were found to be 0.07-28.24 mgm ¡3 and 0.05-5.753 mgm ¡3 , respectively, representing levels two to four times higher than those at the control site. Maximum daily inhalation of B[a]Py was estimated at 1.33 ngd ¡1 for exposure of the public and as 274 ngd ¡1 for the occupational group. It is believed that traffic makes a substantial contribution to the PAH profile, which had relatively high concentrations of naphthalene (Napth) and coronene (Coro). Highly carcinogenic dibenzo(a,l)pyrene (B[al]Pyre) was found in the ambient air at two parking garages. Napth and phenanthrene (Phen) were the main compounds found in nearly all the tested samples. In this study, benzo[e]pyrene (B[e]Py) was used as a reference for PAHs because its concentration is stable and does not change seasonally. Considering the importance of these compounds in relation to human health, the aim of this work was to characterize and quantify the more toxic PAHs in parking garages. Conducting PAH sampling and their chemical analysis is very costly and labor intensive. This study produced data that can be a powerful tool for environmental forensics.

Fotokopi makineleri iç ortam hava kalite problemlerine yol açabilmektedir. Laboratuar ortamında test odasında yapılan çalışmalar fotokopi makinelerinin fotokopi işlemi süresince çok sayıda uçucu organik bileşiği (UOB) yaydığını göstermiştir. Bu çalışmada dört fotokopi merkezinden ve iki dış hava örneğinden alınan alan numuneleri aktif karbon tüplerinde toplanmış ve gaz kromatografisi-kütle spektrometresi kullanılarak NIOSH tarafından geliştirilen standart metoda göre analiz edilmiştir. Fotokopi merkezi 2'de 0,52-35,90 µg/m 3 aralığında 18 farklı uçucu organik bileşik belirlenmiştir. Maksimum konsantrasyon 77,59 µg/m 3 olarak (toluen, fotokopi merkezi 3) belirlenmiştir. Fotokopi merkezlerinde toplam uçucu organik bileşik maruziyeti 15,76-129,03 µg/m 3 .gün aralığında tespit edilmiştir.