The etiology and pathogenic mechanisms of fibromyalgia (FM) are unknown. A number of studies have suggested that there was a link between hypermobility and FM. In this study, we aimed to expose the frequency of hypermobility in FM patients and its relation with clinical findings. For this reason, 236 women (118 FM women as study group and 118 healthy women as control group) were enrolled in the study. Joint hypermobility was evaluated in the participants by using Beighton scoring system. The rate of joint hypermobility among FM patients (Beighton score of at least 4 or more) was found to be higher than the control group (46.6 vs 28.8%). This result was also statistically meaningful (p<0.05). In addition, the mean Beighton score of FM group was observed to be higher than the control (3.68 vs 2.55, p<0.001). Although not reaching statistical difference (p>0.05), more severe clinical findings were observed in FM patients with hypermobility when compared with ones without.

This study showed generalized joint hypermobility and knee hypermobility may be associated with knee OA. According to the results of this study, we can suggest that generalized joint hypermobility and also knee hypermobility may increase the risk of knee OA. According to this study, it should be considered that knee OA will develop in individuals who have generalized joint hypermobility and these individuals should be educated from this point before OA it occurs.

Falling is among the important causes of mortality and morbidity in advanced age. Therefore, assessment of risk factors for falling and the strategies to prevent it are important. Primary knee osteoarthritis is one of the risk factors associated with falling. Therefore, medical approaches, proprioception training, balance-gait training, muscle strengthening exercises, and arrangements to prevent domestic injurious falling should be planned to reduce the risk of falling in the presence of primary knee osteoarthritis.

ÖzetBası yarası, hastanede yatan hastaların %8-11'inde görülmektedir. Bu durum, cilt ve cilt altı dokudaki basınç, makaslama kuvveti ve sürtünmenin etkisiyle oluşmaktadır. İleri yaş, beslenme bozuklukları, nemli deri, enfeksiyon ve metabolik hastalıklar (örn; diyabet, böbrek yetmezliği) bası yarası oluşumunu kolaylaştıran diğer faktörlerdir. Bası yarası bir kez geliştikten sonra tedavisi uzun ve maliyetlidir. Önleme ve tedavi açısından basıncı azaltma ve risk faktörlerinin giderilmesi çok önemlidir. Yaranın şiddetine göre uygulanabilecek tedavi yöntemleri; basınç, friksiyon ve makaslama kuvvetinin giderilmesi, yara bakımı, nekrotik doku debridmanı, beslenmenin düzenlenmesi, destek yüzeylerin ve özel yatakların kullanılması, elektroterapi ve cerrahi tedavilerdir. AbstractPrevelance of pressure ulcer is reported as %8-11 among the hospitalized patients. Pressure ulcers are caused by mechanical pressure, traction and friction on the skin and underlying tissue. Old age, poor nourishment, moist skin, infection and metabolic disorders (such as diabet, renal insufficiency ) are the contrıbuting factors. Once a pressure ulcer has developed, the treatment is long and expensive. Relief of pressure and reduction of risk factors are important in the prevention and treatment. Treatment principles include assessing the severity of the wound; reducing pressure, friction, and shear forces, optimizing wound care, removivng necrotic debris, correcting nutritional deficits, using support surfaces and special beds, electrotheraphy, and surgery. Derleme Review 118 GİRİŞ Bası yaraları, dokuların uzun süre basınç altında kalmasına bağlı olarak gelişen ve daha çok vücudun kemik çıkıntıla-rının üzerindeki bölgede ortaya çıkan iskemi, hücre ölümü ve doku nekrozu olarak tanımlanır.1 Bu durum multimorbidite ve immobilitenin ciddi bir komplikasyonudur. EpidemiyolojiBası yaralarının insidansını tam olarak belirleyebilmek zordur. Prevelans çalışmalarında oran incelenen hasta grubuna göre değişiklik göstererek %1,4 ile 36,4 arasında bulunmuştur.2 Mortalite oranı aynı risk faktörlerine sahip kişiler arasında bası yarasının oluşması ile 4,5 kat artmaktadır. 1Yaraya bağlı sepsis gelişmesi durumunda ise mortalite oranı %50'ye kadar yükselmektedir.3 Bası yaraları hastanede yatan hastalarda tedavi ve hastanede kalış maliyetini de ciddi oranda artırmaktadır.1 Bu nedenlerle, bası yarası gelişme riski yüksek olan hastalarda gerekli önlemlerin alınması ve yara oluşumu sonrasında da ucuz ve etkin tedavi yöntemlerinin geliştirilmesi çok önemlidir.

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder, which leads to progressive articular destruction and disability. There are numerous agents used for treatment of the disease. However, since these agents may not provide remission or lead to serious complications, search for new treatments continues today. Ozone is a complementary therapy applied successfully for long years in treatment of treatment of circulatory disorders, cancer, inflammatory diseases and various metabolic diseases and antiaging. The effect could be seen in activation of antioxidant defense system, improvement of circulation, oxygen delivery, inhibition of cytokine release in rheumatoid arthritis. But there is need additional studies on the humans of ozone administration.