ÖZET

the production and making sense of knowledge [1,2]. Since the nursing profession is based on human relations and interaction, the effectiveness of nursing care depends on an effective communication between nurses, patients and healthy people. To provide effective nursing care, nurses' ability to express themselves is as important as their observation and comprehension of the verbal and non-verbal expressions of patients and healthy people [3,4]. The main objective of nursing education is to have students learn nursing practices and the professional philosophy of nursing. However, students also need to acquire specific skills such as building effective interpersonal communication and relationships, helping and consultation since nursing is a profession that serves people [5,6]. Undergraduate nursing students take courses focusing on communication. These courses enable them to increase their self-confidence and self-respect, improving them personally and professionally [7]. A review of the relevant literature indicates that skills training use a variety of methods including demonstrations, role playing, simulation and video screenings [8-13]. Students can gain permanent knowledge from traditional verbal lectures and by watching movies with relevant themes. Movies help students develop, not only professionally, but also socially. Movies cover a wide range of topics from science, visual arts and history to families in crisis, social solidarity, drug use and human rights, since these are all social phenomena that occur amongst the society [14]. This allows movies to be used in a wide range of contexts both as a primary and as a supplementary resource [15].

Objectives: Schizophrenia is a disorder with different clinical features. Schizophrenia may start insidiously and slow and go on for many years. But the negative symptoms and deficiency symptoms leading to social deterioration may come to the forefront. All these factors are taken into consideration, our aim in this study was to examine the demographic and clinical effects of symptoms on schizophrenic patients who have not yet been treated. Methods: Eighty patients who were admitted to the Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital Psychiatry Outpatient Clinic, who did not have any previous antipsychotic medications and who did not use medications at the time of admission and who met the criteria for schizophrenia according to the DSM-5. Sociodemografic Data Form and the PANSS scale were used to assess the clinical status of the patients. Results: When the demographic characteristics of the participants were examined, 33 (41.2%) were female and 47 (58.8%) were male. The mean age of the patients was 31.08±9.37; mean education year was 8.76±3.53. When the patients participating in the study were evaluated in terms of gender, marital status, working status, smoking status, and family history, no statistical differences were found between the groups in terms of their PANSS scores (p>0.05). However, the PANSS Negative subscale scores (p<.001), general psychopathology scores (p=0.006), and total PANSS scores (p=0.003) were statistically significantly different between the three groups when the patients were untreated for 0-1 years, 1-5 years, and 5 years. Conclusions: In this study none of the sociodemographic factors we assessed had any effect on symptom severity. However, there are different results in the literature regarding gender, age, marital status and working status. Besides, it has been determined that the most important clinical manifestation in our study is the period without treatment. Further studies should identify demographic and clinical features that affect schizophrenic symptom changes.

ÖzetBu çalışma bipolar bozukluğu olan hastalarda relapsları önlemek için uygulanan psikoeğitim girişimlerini ve bu girişimlerin etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmış bir sistematik derlemedir. Çalışmada psikoeğitim girişimlerini belirlemek için ulusal ve uluslararası veritabanları taranmış ve dahil etme ve dışlama ölçütlerine uyan toplam yedi makale değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. İncelenen makalelerde, psikoeğitimin relaps sıklığı, hastaneye yatış sıklığı, hasta olarak geçirilen zaman, serum lityum düzeyleri ve sosyal işlevsellik üzerine etkisi değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmalardan elde edilen bulgular incelendiğinde, psikoeğitimin relaps ve hastaneye yatış sıklığını, hasta olarak geçirilen süreyi azalttığı saptanmıştır. Bununla birlikte uygulanan psikoeğitimin, hastaların serum lityum düzeylerinin koruyucu düzeyde kalmasına etki ettiği ve hastaların sosyal işlevselliğini de olumlu yönde etkilediği görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, değerlendirmeye alınan tüm çalışmalarda bipolar bozukluk hastalarına yönelik relapsları önleme amacıyla uygulanan psikoeğitim programlarının olumlu sonuçları olduğu görülmektedir. AbstractThis study is a systematic review of psychoeducation interventions which aims at preventing relapses in patients with bipolar disorder. This study has been condcuted in order to determine the effects of these interventions. In the present study national and international databases were screened to identify psycho-education initiatives and a total of seven articles that met the criteria for inclusion and exclusion were evaluated. All of the seven studies reviewed, focused on the effects of psychoeducation on frequency of relapse and hospitalization, time spent as a patient, serum lithium levels and social functioning. The findings of the studies revealed that psychoeducation reduces the frequency of relapse and hospitalization and time spent as a patient. Besides, psychoeducation contributed to the protective levels of serum lithium levels and has a positive impact on the social functioning of bipolar patients. In conclusion, psycho-education programs have positive results on preventing relapse for patients with bipolar disorder.