Introduction: The purpose of this study was to reveal the anatomical risk factors for anterior and posterior cruciate ligament (ACL and PCL) injuries and menisci injury. We aim to investigate whether there are significant relationship between tibial tubercle-trochlear groove distance distance (TT-TG), patella angle, trochlear sulcus angle (TSA), trochlear groove depth (TGD), medial and lateral trochlea length (MT and LT), MT/LT ratio, lateral patellar tilt angle (LPTA), patella-patellar tendon angle (P-PTA), quadriceps-patellar tendon angle (QPA), Insall-Salvati index (ISI), medial and lateral trochlear inclination (MTI and LTI) measurements and important common pathologies such as ACL, PCL, medial and lateral meniscal injuries (MM and LM), peripatellar fat pad edema, chondromalacia and effusion. Thus, the mechanisms of injury will be better understood by revealing important anatomical variations for meniscus and ligament damage. Material and Methods: Three hundred eighty patients with knee magnetic resonance imaging examination included in this study. Our patients who underwent knee MRI were divided into groups according to the presence of MM tear, LM tear, ACL tear, PCL tear, peripatellar fat pad edema, chondromalacia and effusion. TT-TG distance, patella angle, TSA, TGD, MT, LT, MT/LT ratio, LPTA, P-PTA, QPA, ISI, MTI and LTI were measured. Results: In patients with ACL tear; age, LT, ML/LT ratio and QPA measurements were found to be significantly higher. There was no significant difference between the participants' LPTA value and the presence of ACL tear, MM and LM injury. MT and ML/LT ratio were found to be significantly lower in the group with MM tear (p<0.001). The TT-TG distance was found to be significantly lower in the group with LM tear. Conclusion: Increased age, LT, ML/LT ratio and QPA are predispose risk for ACL tear. Decreased MT and ML/LT ratio are among the risk factors for MM tear. The anatomical variations are associated with ligamant and meniscal injury.

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<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Almost half of the cystic renal lesions are still overdiagnosed and overtreated. New clinical and radiological parameters are needed to distinguish the malignant Bosniak 3 lesions from the benign ones. We aimed to evaluate the clinical and radiological parameters that may be related to malignancy risk for Bosniak category 3 renal cysts. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> Patients who underwent surgical resection of a histopathologically confirmed Bosniak 3 renal cyst between March 2007 and September 2019 were evaluated. Two experienced uro-radiologists have reevaluated the last preoperative computed tomography and/or MRI images of the patients and reclassified the lesions according to the Bosniak classification. They also reported cystic features such as nodularity, septation, focal thickening, enhancement, and calcification. Clinical, pathological, and oncological outcomes were recorded. Then patients were divided into 2 groups as Group 1 (benign pathology) and Group 2 (malignant pathology) according to final histopathological report. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 79 patients were included in this study. Mean follow-up time was 47 ± 34 months. There were 30 patients in Group 1 and 49 patients in Group 2. Hypertension (<i>p</i> = 0.001) and smoking history (<i>p</i> = 0.008) were more common in malignant group. Among the radiological findings, lower tumor diameter (<i>p</i> = 0.024), presence of cyst wall enhancement (<i>p</i> = 0.025), presence of nodularity (<i>p</i> = 0.002), and presence of focal thickening (<i>p</i> = 0.031) were found to be statistically significant for malignancy. Most of the tumors were at pathological T1 stage and Fuhrmann Grade 1–2. Only nodularity was found to be independent predictive factor for malignancy in multivariate analysis. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Clinical factors including hypertension and smoking, radiological factors including lower lesion size, cyst wall enhancement, nodularity, and focal thickening were predictors for malignancy of Bosniak 3 cysts.

Objective: This retrospective study reveals whether a lesion is a benign pathological process or malignant by measuring apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values following prostate imaging reporting and diagnostic system version 2.1 (PI-RADSv2.1) guide on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MpMRI) examinations. Furthermore, this study aims to determine the cut-off ADC values (ADCv) that may exist to help identify and distinguish between benign and the malignant lesions. Additionally, the paper evaluates whether there is a correlation between malignant lesions' International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) score and ADCv, and whether ADCv provide information about prostate cancer (PCa) aggressiveness without requiring invasive procedures. Materials and Methods:The study group consised of 243 patients. The lesions were diagnosed using transrectal ultrasound-guided cognitive MRI fusion. MpMRI images before the biopsy were evaluated according to PI-RADSv2.1 guideline by a radiologist. Three groups, benign prostatic tissue, prostatitis, and PCa were obtained according to the histopathological results. Results: When the cut-off value for ADC was 780x10 -3 , sensitivity was 80%. When the cut-off value was taken as 668x10 -3 , the sensitivity and specificity were 72% and 62%, respectively. When the cut-off ADCv was taken as 647x10 -3 , the sensitivity was 83% and the specificity was 48.5%. ADCv varied significantly depending on the ISUP groups (p=0.003). It was determined that the ISUP 1 group was significantly higher compared to other groups. ADC group mean values were not significantly different between groups 2, 3, 4, and 5. Conclusion: ADCv may be a suitable tool for estimating PCa aggressiveness, and it shows a significant potential to improve the diagnostic accuracy.

Introduction: This research aims to evaluate accuracy and interobserver agreement on the correlation between the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2.1 (PI-RADS v2.1) and the International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) scores. Methods:We examined patients who underwent prostate multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MpMRI) prior to transrectal ultrasound-guided cognitive fusion biopsy between April and December 2019. MpMRI examinations were evaluated by two radiologists according to PI-RADS v2.1. Interobserver agreement was recorded and the final PI-RADS category was decided by consensus. The correlation of cognitive fusion biopsy results with PI-RADS v2.1 score was evaluated. Lesions with Gleason score ≥7 were considered to be clinically significant prostate cancer. Results: A total of 84 patients with 106 lesions were included in the study. The rates of prostate cancer in the PI-RADS groups 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 were 0%, 0%, 22.2%, 56%, and 94.45%, respectively. There was a positive correlation with an area under the curve value of 0.814 between the PI-RADS v2.1 and the ISUP score. Using PI-RADS ≥3 as the cut-off value in the peripheral zone (PZ) and the whole gland, the negative predictive value for malignancy was 100%. For PI-RADS ≥4, it was 76.47% for PZ and 80.65% for the whole gland. Without applying cut-off values, the interobserver agreement for PI-RADS score was κ = 0.562. Conclusion: Our data support the notion that PI-RADS v2.1 facilitates the evaluation of MpMRI and improves interobserver agreement.