The objectives of the study are to analyze changes in consumer surplus and protect the social interest of poor households (HHs) in the transition from a state monopoly over the electricity sector to the market. For this purpose, the volume of HH electricity consumption by various incomes was calculated, the electricity demand function of HHs and the marginal cost of generating electricity were constructed. A methodology is given for calculating the electricity demand function for HHs and prices in an equilibrium market. The consumer surplus and its change are calculated. As well as there are given some recommendations to reduce the social burden for certain HH groups while raising prices in the transition from a monopoly to the market, and the amount for the state subsidy for poor HHs.