ÖzGünümüzde İnsansız Sualtı Araçları (İSA), okyanus ve denizaltı keşifleri için sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır. Su yüzeyine yakın hareket eden İSA'ların hidrodinamiği, daha derinde hareket eden İSA'lara göre önemli farklılıklar gösterir. Bu makalede bir İSA'nın, yatay ve dikey doğrultularda, farklı derinliklerde (0.5 m, 1 m, 1.5 m, 2 m ve 2.5 m) ve hızlarda (0.1 m/s, 0.5 m/s ve 1 m/s) yapmış olduğu hareketler sırasında, gövdesi üzerine etki eden hidrodinamik sürüklenme kuvvetleri, kaldırma kuvvetleri ve bunlara bağlı olarak sürüklenme ve kaldırma katsayıları belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı, Hesaplamalı Akışkanlar Dinamiği (HAD) analiz yöntemlerini kullanarak derinlik ve akış hızının hidrodinamik parametreler üzerindeki etkisini gözlemektir. Sayısal analizlerden elde edilen değerlerin doğruluğunu desteklemek için deneysel çalışmalar yapılarak sonuçlar karşılaştırılmıştır. Analiz amaçlı simulasyonlarda, 2018-108 nolu Kocaeli Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri (KOU-BAP) biriminden altyapı desteği alınarak geliştirilen, dört serbestlik dereceli İSA'nın SolidWorks yardımı ile bire bir ölçülerde tasarlanan 3 boyutlu CAD modeli kullanılmıştır. Flow Simulation ticari yazılımı, SolidWorks programıyla birlikte çalışabilen bir HAD yazılımıdır ve laminar ve türbülanslı akış analizleri için Navier Stokes denklemlerinin çözümünden yararlanır. Bu çalışmada, laminar akıştan türbülanslı akışa geçiş durumu için Flow Simulation k-ε türbülans modeli kullanılmıştır.
Purpose The development of robust control algorithms for the position, velocity and trajectory control of unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) depends on the accuracy of their mathematical models. Accuracy of the model is determined by precise estimation of the UUV hydrodynamic parameters. The purpose of this study is to determine the hydrodynamic forces and moments acting on an underwater vehicle with complex body geometry and moving at low speeds and to achieve the accurate coefficients associated with them. Design/methodology/approach A three-dimensional (3D) computer-aided design (CAD) model of UUV is designed with one-to-one dimensions. 3D fluid flow simulations are conducted using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software programme in the solution of Navier Stokes equations for laminar and turbulent flow analysis. The coefficients depending on the hydrodynamic forces and moments are determined by the external flow analysis using the CFD programme. The Flow Simulation k-ε turbulence model is used for the transition from laminar flow to turbulent flow. Hydrodynamic properties such as lift and drag coefficients and roll and yaw moment coefficients are calculated. The parameters are compared with the coefficient values found by experimental methods. Findings Although the modular type UUV has a complex body geometry, the comparative results of the experiments and simulations confirm that the defined model parameters are accurate and close to the actual experimental values. In the proposed k-ε method, the percentage error in the estimation of drag and lifting coefficients is decreased to 4.2% and 8.39%, respectively. Practical implications The model coefficients determined in this study can be used in high-level control simulations which leads to the development of robust real-time controllers for complex-shaped modular UUVs. Originality/value The Lucky Fin UUV with 4 degrees of freedom is a specific design and its CAD model is first extracted. Verification of simulation results by experiments is generally less referenced in studies. However, it provides more precise parameter identification of the model. Proposed study offers a simple and low-cost experimental measurement method for verification of the hydrodynamic parameters. The extracted model and coefficients are worthwhile references for the analysis of modular type UUVs.
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