Furfural adalah salah satu bahan kimia penting yang dapat diubah menjadi berbagai bahan kimia seperti furfuryl alkohol dan asam levulinat. Furfural dapat diproduksi dari biomassa lignoselulosa dalam kondisi asam dengan mengkonversikan fraksi hemiselulosa dalam biomassa menjadi gula pentosa dan selanjutnya menjadi furfural. Reaksi degradasi furfural tidak diinginkan karena dapat mengurangi hasil furfural yang telah dihasilkan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menghitung parameter kinetika dari reaksi degradasi furfural menggunakan metode numerik dan integral. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai konstanta laju reaksi dan energi aktivasi dari perhitungan metode numerik dan integral berbeda karena perbedaan dalam metode perhitungan. Pada metode integral, reaksi degradasi furfural pada suhu yang lebih tinggi (170oC) sesuai dengan model orde nol karena sebagian besar furfural telah terdegradasi dalam reaksi, akan tetapi reaksi degradasi furfural pada suhu yang lebih rendah (150oC dan 160oC) sesuai dengan model non-second order.Furfural is one of the important building block chemicals that can be converted into various chemicals such as furfuryl alcohol and levulinic acid. Furfural can be produced from lignocellulosic biomass in acidic condition which hemicellulose fraction in biomass can be converted into pentose sugar and subsequently became furfural. Furfural degradation reaction is not desirable because it can reduce the yield of furfural that had been produced. The purpose of this study was to calculated kinetic parameters of furfural degradation reaction using numerical and integral methods. The results showed that the value of reaction rate constants and activation energies from numerical and integral methods calculation were different due to the differences in calculation methods. Using integral method, reaction order of furfural degradation at higher temperature (170oC) follows zero order because most of the furfural had been degraded in the reaction, but reaction order of furfural degradation at lower temperature (150oC and 160oC) follows non-second order.
This research aims to determine performance of turbine rotor performance with a single rotor blade model with a diameter of 0.6 m that has been developed by NORCOWE, while for turbine rotor blades used is the NREL S826 airfoil series. The wind turbines are operated at wind speed intervals of 1-5 m / s. This parameter will also present data in the form of the optimal point of wind turbine rotation and rotor rotation speed. The pitch angles used are 25 °, 30 °, and 35 °. The pitch angle that affects the value of the ideal rotational speed with the highest optimization for the horizontal airfoil turbine S826 is 30 ° with a wind speed of 5 m / s and a rotation of 570 RPM. This is because the greater the pitch angle of the installation, the easier it will be to experience speed trimming but is vulnerable to too large an angle of attack that causes a stall.
Briquettes are an essential product for metal mineral processing plants in Indonesia. One good alternative raw materials for briquettes that do not pollute the environment is the palm kernel shell. This research was conducted by making briquettes from palm kernel shells to find optimal variations in carbonization temperature, material mixture, and adhesive mixture. The research was conducted on a laboratory scale. The palm kernel shell and coal kernel were carbonized at various temperatures, namely 450°C, 550°C, and 650°C, then crushed and sieved to 35 mesh. The powdered palm kernel shell and coal that have become powdered charcoal are weighted based on a mixture of powder and the adhesive composition ratio of 40 g. After that, the briquettes were formed under a pressure of 100 kg/cm² on a cylindrical mold with 40 mm. The analyzes carried out were moisture content, ash content, volatile substances content, fixed carbon content, calorific value, compressive strength, density, porosity, and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope). The results showed that the briquette from the kernel of the palm kernel shell was optimal at a temperature of 550 ° C with a starch adhesive mixture of 7.5%, a pressure of 100 kg/cm², moisture content of 5.34%, an ash content of 5.81%, a substance content. Volatile amounted to 18.77%, 71.08% for fixed carbon, heating value 7125.86 cal/g. Density of 0.78, porosity of 0.04 and strength of 72.56 kg / cm².
Provinsi Lampung memiliki garis pantai yang cukup panjang yaitu sekitar 81.000 km. Namun,pasokan air bersih di wilayah pesisir pantai sangatlah terbatas terutama pada daerah-daerah yang padat penduduk.Pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk mengatasi permasalahan air bersih di daerah pesisir masyarakat Desa Rangai Tri Tunggal, Lampung Selatan.Metode penentuan perumusan masalah dilakukan dengan metode observasi dan wawancara warga di Desa Rangai Tri Tunggal, Lampung Selatan.Pada pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini, kami membuat alat destilasi air laut untuk memperoleh air tawar berupa alat reflektor cermin cekungyang memanfaatkanpanas energi matahari.Reflektor cermin cekung memiliki diameter 1,8 meter, tinggi cermin 0,4m dan titik fokusnya 0,45m. Reflektor cermin cekung diletakkan di atas tanah dan disinari langsung matahari. Kolektor yang berisi sampel air laut diletakkan diatas reflektor tepat pada posisi titik fokus untuk melakukan proses destilasi. Waktu pengamatan penggunaan reflektor cermin dilakukan selama 7 hari pada cuaca cerah dan dimulai pukul 8 pagi hingga 4 sore. Dari pengamatan yang dilakukan dihasilkan temperatur maksimum suhu destilasi air laut yang didapat menggunakan reflektor cermin cekung adalah 79,4˚C dengan hasil destilasi air tawar diperoleh rata - rata sebesar 508 ml dari volume awal air laut sebesar 2 liter.
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