Malaysia, as a rapid developing nation with a ballooning construction industry, has fallen victim to a predicament that has affected most similar developing nations, which is the mass outflow of construction wastes. The expeditious advancements made by this sector couple with an all-time high demand of a list of development projects ranging from infrastructure to residential and commercial centres, has led to the production of large amounts of construction wastes which is made exponentially worse by the emplacement of flawed, inconsistent and insufficient practices in dealing with the ever-expanding rates of construction wastes. As a potential solution in mitigating this problem, Malaysia has been looking at the introduction of BIM tools and technologies, as an industry norm, to all construction practices and stages. However, the proper and systematic assimilation of the BIM systems in Malaysia has not proven to be entirely possible yet, particularly in a scale that would be significant enough where it could sufficiently be utilised in the reduction of construction wastes. This limitation, can be attributed to many factors such as the perceptions and acceptance of industry players to learn and adapt to this relatively new software, reluctance in replacing the conventional methods, which the industry players are all too complacent with, of waste managements that have been in-place for decades, coupled with an incomprehension of the myriad of benefits such an implementation could bring about to the local construction industry, as exemplified by many other developing nations that have jumped on the bandwagon of incorporation of BIM into their practices for years now.

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This research showed the results of experiments evaluating the use of eggshell powder from egg production industry as partial replacement for ordinary Portland cement. Research on the reuse of waste materials in the concrete industry has been quite intensive in the past decade. The objective of this research is to identify the performance of dried eggshell powder as a partial cement replacement in the production of concrete. Eggshell powder of various amounts, namely 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% by volume, was added as a replacement for ordinary Portland cement. The results showed that eggshell concrete greatly improved the compressive and flexural strength of concrete. The rate of water absorption of eggshell concrete was reduced as eggshell powder filled up the existing voids, making it more impermeable. However, the compressive strength of the eggshell concrete decreases gradually when the amount of eggshell powder increased. It can be concluded that the optimum percentage of dried eggshell powder as a partial cement replacement is 15%. In this direction, an experimental investigation of ultrasonic pulse velocity, rebound hammer concrete test, compressive strength, flexural strength and FTIR spectra and TGA analysis was undertaken to use eggshell powder and admixtures as partial replacement for cement in concrete.

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