Spotify is a music streaming service offering lowlatency access to a library of over 8 million music tracks. Streaming is performed by a combination of client-server access and a peer-to-peer protocol. In this paper, we give an overview of the protocol and peer-to-peer architecture used and provide measurements of service performance and user behavior.The service currently has a user base of over 7 million and has been available in six European countries since October 2008. Data collected indicates that the combination of the client-server and peer-to-peer paradigms can be applied to music streaming with good results. In particular, 8.8% of music data played comes from Spotify's servers while the median playback latency is only 265 ms (including cached tracks). We also discuss the user access patterns observed and how the peer-to-peer network affects the access patterns as they reach the server.

Spotify is a peer-assisted music streaming service that has gained worldwide popularity. Apart from providing instant access to over 20 million music tracks, Spotify also enhances its users' music experience by providing various features for social interaction. These are realized by a system using the widely-adopted pub/sub paradigm. In this paper we provide an interesting case study of a hybrid pub/sub system designed for real-time as well as offline notifications for Spotify users. We firstly describe a multitude of use cases where pub/sub is applied. Secondly, we study the design of its pub/sub system used for matching, disseminating and persisting billions of publications every day. Finally, we study pub/sub traffic collected from the production system, derive characterizations of the pub/sub workload, and show some interesting findings and trends.

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