ABSTUCT-The side effects of chlorhexidine mouth washes have been evaluated in a group of 50 soldiers during a period of 4 months. Previous publications have shown the effects on plaque formation and gingival conditions. The present paper discusses urifavorable side effects. When rinsing with 0.2 and 0.1 yo chlorhexidine gluconate and acetate, some desquamations and soreness in the oral mucosa were observed. lwelve per cent of the tooth surfaces and 62 "/c of the silicate fillings were discolored, while 36 % of the test persons developed discolored tongues in the experimental period. Because of the side effects, there are some objections LO uncritical use of chlorhexidine in preventive dentistry. A close control is necessary; and until more information is gained, the use of chlorhexidine mouth washes is recommended for. short periods only. Other methods of application must be studied.
– Fluoride acquisition during topical fluoride treatment was studied after different time intervals, at different concentrations and at different pH. The effects of pretreating the enamel with Ca++, and of pre‐etching were also tested. Four experimental groups of repeated measures design were established. Chemical assessments were made of the amounts of fluoride formed on (as alkali soluble fluoride, i.e., calcium fluoride) and in enamel (as firmly bound fluoride). The depositions on enamel were also demonstrated by SEM. The amounts of alkali soluble fluoride on enamel increased with time, concentration, pH‐decrease and calcium availability. The time of exposure seemed to be the major factor. The amounts of fluoride deposited on enamel outranged by far (>70%) the amounts of fluoride acquired in the enamel. The formation of alkali soluble fluoride on enamel is probably limited by the availability of calcium ions. It is suggested that the fluoride on enamel may protect the enamel surface and serve as a reservoir of fluoride.
The acid resistance of TiF4-treated enamel was investigated to establish a possible treatment modality for endogenous dental erosion. Enamel slabs were prepared from human molars and treated with solutions of TiF4. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and microhardness testing were used to examine the effects of the exposure of the treated enamel to strong acid. SEM micrographs showed the presence of heavy deposits on enamel surfaces. The surface coating, formed following TiF4 application, appeared to be resistant to severe acid attacks. Microhardness measurements showed that TiF4 treatment inhibited enamel softening. It is concluded that topical TiF4 application may be effective in prevention of dental erosion caused by hydrochloric acid from the stomach in patients with frequent vomiting or gastroesophageal reflux.
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