Objective: Kinesiophobia and fear to return to activity are common problems encountered following musculoskeletal injuries. The relationship between kinesiophobia and some psychological parameters has been investigated in the individuals with a history of ligament injury or fracture of lower extremity. Material and method: The study included 120 individuals (60 female, 60 male), 40 individuals with a history of ligament injury, 40 individuals with a history of fractures in the lower extremities and 40 healthy individuals. The participants were evaluated with Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK) and the State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-I&STAI-II). Number of fractures or ligament injuries, time of injury, time elapsed from the diagnosis and the duration of treatment were noted. Results: There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of STAI-I and STAI-II scores (p>0.05), however there were significant differences between groups in terms of TSK scores (p=0.001). There were no correlation between STAI-I and TSK scores and STAI-II and TSK scores (p>0.05). TSK scores of the individuals with a history of fracture were significantly higher than other groups (p=0.007). There were no significant differences between the TSK scores in terms of fracture location and ligament injury (p>0.05). Conclusion: It has been concluded that kinesiophobia was not related to emotional status and anxiety levels. Higher kinesiophobia scores of the individuals who had fractures could be related to longer periods of treatment.

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Background In cycling, performance can change with the adaptation of the bicycle to the individual, as well as the physiological characteristics of the individual. Aim The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of exercise training and bike fitting on cycling performance in recreational cyclists. Methods A total of 16 recreational cyclists were included in the present study. Individuals were divided into 2 groups as intervention and control groups with a simple random method. To the intervention group, exercise training for 3 days a week for 8 weeks and bike fitting was applied with video analysis method. On the other hand, to the control group, only bike fitting was applied with video analysis method. Cycling performance was evaluated with Functional Threshold Power Test (FTP), Lactate Threshold Heart Rate (LTHR), 10 Mile Time Trial Test (10 Mile TT), and critical powertest. Evaluations were made twice, before and after the training. Results After 8 weeks of training, significant differences were found in FTP (p = 0.008), LTHR (p = 0.044), 10 Mile TT (p = 0.038), and critical power (p = 0.008) tests in intervention group, and in FTP (p = 0.028) in control group. When the cycling performances of the groups were compared, only LTHR results were found to decrease in favor of intervention group (p = 0.017). Conclusion The exercise program developed for recreational cyclists and individual adaptations for bicycle ergonomics are important in terms of increasing cycling performance. We believe that strength training provided along with bike fittng in cyclists will be beneficial particularly in reducing fatigue.

Amaç: Bu çalışma, madde istatistik analizleri kullanılarak çoktan seçmeli sınavlarda, soru ve cevapların güvenirliğini test etmek amacıyla yapıldı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çoktan seçmeli sınavın standart ve kalite açısından değerlendirilmesinde madde analiz yöntemi kullanılır. Madde analiz yöntemiyle öğrencilerin maddelere verdiği yanıtlar incelenerek sınavın güvenirlik ve geçerlik düzeyi hakkında bilgi sağlanır. Çalışmamızda örnek olarak Ortopedik Rehabilitasyon dersi Final Sınavı seçildi. 20 soruluk çoktan seçmeli sınav 79 öğrenciye uygulandı. Test sonuçları istatistik programına işlendi. Sorular için madde güçlüğü ve madde ayırt ediciliği belirlendi. Kuder Richardson 20 (KR-20) ile testin güvenirliği değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Analiz sonucunda testten alınan en yüksek puanın 85, ortalama puanın ise 58,5 olduğu bulundu. Sorular için madde güçlüğü incelendiğinde, değerlerin 0,11 ile 0,91 arasında değiştiği ve orta güçlükte (0,59) bir sınav olduğu görüldü. Madde ayırt ediciliklerinin -0,02 ile 0,56 arasında değiştiği ve sınavın orta ayırt edicilikte olduğu belirlendi. Testin ayırt edebilme derecesinin 0,30 olduğu tespit edildi. Testin güvenirliği incelendiğinde KR-20 değerinin 0,56 olduğu görüldü. Sonuç: Yapmış olduğumuz ortopedik rehabilitasyon dersi çoktan seçmeli final sınavının; öğrencilerimiz için orta güçlükte ve orta ayırt edicilikte bir sınav olduğu, güvenirlik yönünden ise sınırda bir test olduğu ve soruların tekrar gözden geçirilmesi gerektiği belirlendi. Derse yönelik gerekli iyileştirme, düzeltme ve soruların tekrar gözden geçirilmesinin, derse yönelik verimi artıracağı görüşündeyiz.

The clinical assessment of sport-related lower extremity injuries plays important role in diagnosis and therapeutic strategies as well as return to activity. The Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) is a valid and reliable self-reported outcome instrument used to detect foot and ankle disorders. The purpose of this study is to translate, cross-culturally adapt and validate the FAAM questionnaire for use in Turkish-speaking athletes who have foot and ankle disorders. Fifty-one basketball, soccer and volleyball athletes volunteered to participate. Test–retest reliability analyses revealed good and excellent reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.83–0.92). Concurrent validity was tested between the FAAM-T subscores and both the visual analog scale for pain/activity limitations and functional performance tests, yielding moderate to high correlations (r = −0.522 to −0.869, p < .05). The results of this study showed that the FAAM-T is a reliable and valid questionnaire for self-reported assessment of pain and disability in athletes suffering from foot and ankle disorders.