Grafting of polystyrene from narrow disperse polymer particles by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization was investigated. Poly(DVB80) particles prepared by precipitation polymerization were used as starting particles. Their residual surface vinyl groups were hydrochlorinated to form chloroethylbenzene initiating sites for subsequent ATRP of styrene using CuBr/2bipy as catalyst system. Polystyrene was found grafted not only from the particle surfaces but also from within a thin shell layer, leading to particles size increases from 2.96 to 3.07 µm. The surface layer of polystyrene improved colloidal stability and facilitated formation of colloidal arrays. Block copolymers of poly(styreneb-4-methylstyrene) were grown from the particles, and the living nature of surface-initiated ATRP is discussed.

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The anion-sensitive membrane electrodes based on lipophilic metalloporphyrin derivatives (FeTPP)20 show similar anti-Hofmeister selectivity sequence: SCN-> I-> C104-> N02-> B r > C1-> NOj-. The electrode with an optimum membrane composition has a linear response for SCN-between and 10-l mol/L, with a slope of 53.0 mV/pSCN-(25 "C). The origin of the anti-Hofmeister response characteristics has been discussed in view of the coordination chemistry of the metalloporphyrins. The interaction mechanism between (FeTPP)zO and SCN-is studied by UV/vis and IR spectroscopy. The transfer process of SCN-across the membrane interface is investigated by ac impedance measurements.Anion membrane electrodes based on classical liquid ion exchangers have the same Hofmeister selectivity sequence:C104-> SCN-> I-> NO3-> B r > N02-> C1-. Searching