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BackgroundSeveral molecular epidemiological studies have been conducted to examine the association between glutathione S-transferase M 1 (GSTM1) null genotype and lung cancer in Asians; however, the conclusions remained controversial. We therefore performed an extensive meta-analysis on 31 published case-control studies with a total of 5347 lung cancer cases and 6072 controls.Material/MethodsPubMed and EMBASE were searched to identify case-control studies investigating the associations of GSTM1 null genotype with risk of lung cancer in Asians. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of association between lung cancer risk and polymorphism of GSTM1.ResultsGSTM1 null genotype was significantly associated with lung cancer risk (OR=1.43; 95% CI, 1.30–1.58). This result remained statistically significant when the adjusted ORs were combined (OR=1.38; 95% CI, 1.23–1.54). In the subgroup analysis by sex, there were significant associations in women and men. When stratifying for histology, this genotype showed increased adenocarcinoma risk and squamous cell carcinoma risk. In the subgroup analysis stratified by smoking status, lung cancer risk was increased in both smokers and non-smokers.ConclusionsThis study suggests that GSTM1 null genotype is a risk factor for lung cancer in Asians.

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A simple, label-free, and visual photonic crystal-based β-lactamase biosensor was developed for β-lactam antibiotic and β-lactamase inhibitor in which the penicillinase (a β-lactamase) was immobilized on the pH-sensitive colloidal crystal hydrogel (CCH) film to form penicillinase colloidal crystal hydrogel (PCCH) biosensing film. The hydrolysis of penicillin G (a β-lactam antibiotic) can be catalyzed by penicillinase to produce penicilloic acid, leading to a pH decrease in the microenvironment of PCCH film, which causes the shrink of pH-sensitive CCH film and triggers a blue-shift of the diffraction wavelength. Upon the addition of β-lactamase inhibitor, the hydrolysis reaction is suppressed and no clear blue-shift is observed. The concentrations of β-lactam antibiotic and β-lactamase inhibitor can be sensitively evaluated by measuring the diffraction shifts. The minimum detectable concentrations for penicillin G and clavulanate potassium (a β-lactamase inhibitor) can reach 1 and 0.1 μM, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed method is highly reversible and selective, and it allows determination of penicillin G in fish pond water samples.