The process of roadway surrounding rock deformation and instability is always accompanied by energy changes, and the energy transformation of surrounding rock directly drives its deformation and failure. In order to realize the stability control of mining roadway, the distribution of elastic strain energy and plastic strain energy of surrounding rock was analyzed by using FLAC3D numerical simulation software on the basis of the energy transformation law of sandstone under different confining pressures revealed by indoor triaxial compression test. Based on this, combined with the energy transformation, the principle of roadway surrounding rock stability control technology is proposed. One is to reduce the elastic strain energy of surrounding rock, that is, by increasing the extension of support body, part of the roadway energy is transferred to the support body, so as to improve the energy release of surrounding rock, or by optimizing the layout of roadway to reduce the energy accumulation of surrounding rock. The second is to increase the plastic strain energy of surrounding rock, that is, to increase the energy dissipation of surrounding rock by setting weak structure. The above research results are applied to the surrounding rock control of the right second transport roadway in the 91st coal of Xinjian coal mine. After the optimization of support measures, the roadway surface displacement and its increase rate decreased significantly, roof subsidence decreased from 247 mm to 62 mm, floor heave decreased from 120 mm to 26 mm, and the right rib shrinkage decreased from 292 mm to 94 mm, that is, the floor heave control effect was particularly obvious. The deformation of surrounding rock gradually stabilized after 45 days.

In underground engineering, the deformation and failure process of the surrounding rock of the roadway is always accompanied by the occurrence of energy. The study of the energy distribution law of the surrounding rock of the roadway plays an important role in its stability. This paper first theoretically analyzes the stress and energy distribution law of the surrounding rock of the roadway, then with the help of numerical simulation method, combined with the existing physical and mechanical parameters, based on the existing support parameters of Dongrong No. 2 Mine, gradually compares and analyzes the distribution of vertical stress and energy under the three support methods of no support, original support, and combined support, and the results found that the vertical stress distribution law under the three support methods is basically the same. High-stress areas appear on the two ribs of the roadway, and low-stress areas appear on the roof and floor. The range of high-stress areas from no support to combined support continues to decrease and becomes more evenly distributed. The energy distribution pattern is basically the same. The overall energy of the coal seam is high. There are high-energy areas at 2 m left and right of the roadway, and the roof and floor energy of the roadway is the smallest. The low energy area extends 5 m up and down, respectively. The range of high-energy areas from no support to combined support is shrinking, and the energy distribution is more uniform.