The two-electron oxygen reduction reaction in acid is highly attractive to produce H2O2, a commodity chemical vital in various industry and household scenarios, which is still hindered by the sluggish reaction kinetics. Herein, both density function theory calculation and in-situ characterization demonstrate that in dual-atom CoIn catalyst, O-affinitive In atom triggers the favorable and stable adsorption of hydroxyl, which effectively optimizes the adsorption of OOH on neighboring Co. As a result, the oxygen reduction on Co atoms shifts to two-electron pathway for efficient H2O2 production in acid. The H2O2 partial current density reaches 1.92 mA cm−2 at 0.65 V in the rotating ring-disk electrode test, while the H2O2 production rate is as high as 9.68 mol g−1 h−1 in the three-phase flow cell. Additionally, the CoIn-N-C presents excellent stability during the long-term operation, verifying the practicability of the CoIn-N-C catalyst. This work provides inspiring insights into the rational design of active catalysts for H2O2 production and other catalytic systems.

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