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In order to realize the optimization of urban spatial patterns in the Yellow River Basin, a study on the inefficient use of urban land in the Yellow River Basin was carried out. In this study, Dali County and Hancheng County in Weinan City are selected as the research areas. Firstly, the analytic hierarchy process is used to build a comprehensive evaluation system for the identification of inefficient land in stock; secondly, the standard deviation ellipse method and spatial kernel density estimation method are used to quantitatively analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of inefficient land. Thirdly, the contribution model is used to analyze the influencing factors of inefficient land use. Finally, corresponding redevelopment suggestions are given for each type of inefficient land. The results show that Dali had the smallest area of inefficient land; second is Xincheng Street in Hancheng City; and Longmen Town, Hancheng City has the largest area. The distribution of inefficient land in Dali and Longmen Town in Hancheng City is relatively balanced, while the distribution of all kinds of inefficient land in Xincheng Street in Hancheng City is not concentrated. The density of the road network is the most important contributing factor to inefficient land use in the study area. This paper comprehensively uses the methods of economics and geography to study inefficient land use, quantifies the spatial-temporal characteristics and influencing factors of land use units, explores the spatial patterns of land use and enriches the research into relevant theories.