FI score should be evaluated in all cases of NS as parenting such children may significantly affect all domains of family functioning.

RAI could be used as a simple and important bedside tool to predict patients at risk of severe AKI.

Objective To identify clinical and laboratory features that differentiate dengue fever patients from MIS-C patients and determine their outcomes. Methods This comparative cross-sectional study was done at a tertiary care teaching institute. We enrolled all hospitalized children aged 1 month–18 years and diagnosed with either MIS-C and/or dengue fever according to WHO criteria between June and December, 2020. Clinical and laboratory features and outcomes were recorded on a structured proforma. Results During the study period 34 cases of MIS-C and 83 cases of Dengue fever were enrolled. Mean age of MIS-C cases (male, 86.3%) was 7.89 (4.61) years. MIS-C with shock was seen in 15 cases (44%), MIS-C without shock in 17 cases (50%) and Kawasaki disease-like presentation in 2 cases (6%). Patients of MIS-C were younger as compared to dengue fever ( P =0.002). Abdominal pain and erythematous rash were more common in dengue fever. Of the inflammatory markers, mean C reactive protein was higher in MIS-C patients [100.2 (85.1) vs 16.9 (29.3) mg/dL] ( P <0.001). In contrast, serum ferritin levels were higher in dengue fever patients ( P =0.03). Mean hospital stay (patient days) was longer in MIS- C compared to dengue fever (8.6 vs 6.5 days; P =0.014). Conclusions Clinical and laboratory features can give important clues to differentiate dengue fever and MIS-C and help initiate specific treatment. Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at 10.1007/s13312-021-2329-9.

Background Wheeze is seen in 40% of preschool children, one‐third of these may develop recurrent wheeze. Montelukast is an oral, once a day, easy to give therapy but there is no definite evidence to support its use in a recent meta‐analysis. Present study was done to evaluate role of daily montelukast and various factors affecting the outcome after therapy in multitrigger wheeze (MTW). Methods A prospective study conducted in Pediatric chest clinic over 18 months at DMCH, Ludhiana. Children from 6 months to 5 years, diagnosed cases of MTW were started on montelukast. Diagnosis based on symptoms of recurrent wheeze triggered by various allergens/precipitants was made by pediatrician in charge of chest clinic. Children were followed up at 1 and 3 months. They were labeled as controlled, partially controlled, or uncontrolled as per global initiative for asthma guidelines. Data were used to compare the outcome related to various factors. Results Total 139 out of 150 children came for regular follow‐up. At the end of 3 months, 94 (67.7%) were controlled, 8 (5.7%) partially controlled, and 37 (26.6%) children remained uncontrolled on montelukast. Factors associated with poor control were onset of symptoms at younger age (<6 months of age), family history of allergies, prior multiple visits or hospitalizations due to MTW, use of MDI in the past. No significant side effects were reported by parents. Conclusion Symptomatically two‐third of children became better after starting montelukast. There were few factors which resulted in poorer control in subset of patients.

Background: Hemodialysis in end-stage renal disease patients causes disability in different domains of patient's lives, leading to impaired (quality of life [QOL]). Studies measuring the QOL in patients on renal replacement therapy are limited in the Indian scenario. Aims: To evaluate the QOL in adult patients on maintenance hemodialysis by applying the World Health Organization QOL (WHOQOL)-BREF scale. Material and Methods and Study Design: Health-related QOL was evaluated in 100 adult patients on maintenance haemodialysis for 3 months or more in Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana. The WHOQOL-BREF was applied in these patients and the physical, psychological, social, and environmental health domains were assessed. Results: Most common age group was 31–60 years (56%) with a mean age of 54.44 years, male: 74%. Patients with age more than 60 years had better QOL scores in the social domain which was statistically significant ( P = 0.005). Male patients had better scores in all four domains and was significant in the social domain ( P = 0.025). Married patients had better QOL scores in social domain. Duration of dialysis had a reverse correlation with QOL scores in physical domain with better scores in dialysis duration of <12 months. Frequency of dialysis did not significantly affect the QOL scores. QOL scores were directly related to the monthly family income in all four domains with the highest income group showing better scores ( P < 0.05). Conclusion: The present study provided an insight into the factors that affect the QOL in hemodialysis patients. Patients with age >60 years had better QOL scores in the social domain. Female gender, low serum proteins, HD duration of more than 1 year, and low monthly income were found to be associated with impaired QOL domains in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis.