Background Globally, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) affects young people in their reproductive years. Most of the studies conducted in Ethiopia focus on the fertility desire of women of reproductive age and did not give due consideration to the men’s fertility perspective. Thus, this study aimed to assess the fertility desire, knowledge of prevention of mother to child of HIV (PMTCT), and associated factors among HIV-positive men and women attending ART clinic at west Shewa zone, Oromia region, Ethiopia, 2020. Methods Facility-based cross-sectional study design was applied to identify fertility desire, PMTCT knowledge, and associated factors among 590 HIV-positive reproductive age group men and women attending ART clinics at public health institutions of West Shewa zone. Data were collected by pre-tested structured questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS version 22. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association of predictors on fertility desire and knowledge about PMTCT. Odds ratio, 95% CI, and P value 0.05 were used to measure the statistical association. Results The prevalence of fertility desire and knowledge of PMTCT in the study area were 58.8% and 30.7%, respectively. The odds of fertility desire were higher among the respondents aged >25 years [AOR=4.64, 95% CI (2.75–7.85)], housewives [AOR=3.14, 95% CI (1.90–5.21)], merchants [AOR=5.31, 95% CI (2.55–11.05)], ART use for ≤5 years [AOR=5.13, 95% CI (2.37–11.12)] and among those voluntarily tested to know their HIV status [AOR=2.16, 95% CI (1.30–3.58)]. Besides, the odds of fertility desire were low among husband who cannot read and write [AOR=0.07, 95% CI (0.02–0.23)], primary education [AOR=0.22, 95% CI (0.09–0.56)], and secondary education [AOR= 0.32, 95% CI (0.14–0.73)] when compared with husband education of college and above. Likewise, the odds of PMTCT knowledge were higher among the respondents aged less than 25 years [AOR=2.53, 95% CI (1.32–4.86)] who undergone voluntary testing during HIV diagnosis reasons [AOR=1.55, 95% CI (1.03–2.35)], and ART use for more than five years [AOR=1.94, 95% CI (1.26–2.98)]. Conclusion Younger age, husband education, occupation, recent HIV test, and voluntary testing were significantly associated with fertility desire. Likewise, the younger age group, voluntary testing and counseling, and those on ART for more than five years had higher odds of PMTCT knowledge. Therefore, strengthening voluntary testing and counseling strong counseling on PMTCT throughout the follow-up care and involvement partners is of paramount importance should be insured to decrease MTCT.

Background Around 73 million induced abortions take place worldwide each year. Six out of 10 (61%) of all unintended pregnancies, and 3 out of 10 (29%) of all pregnancies, end in induced abortion. In Africa, nearly half of all abortions occur under the least safe circumstances. In Ethiopia 35% of women obtaining induced abortions service. Therefore, thisstudy aims to assess knowledge, attitude, and associated factors towards induced abortion serviceamong female students of private Colleges in Ambo town, Ethiopia, 2022. Methods An Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 15, 2022, to February 15, 2022, among college students in Ambo, Ethiopia. Data were collected from 631 female students using semi-structured self-administered questionnaires by a systematic sampling method. We collected data on demographics, Institutional factors: facility policy and regulation, sexual experience, knowledge, and attitude. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were done to identify the association of dependent and independent variables using SPSS, version 26, at 95% of confidence interval by adjusting for confounding factors. Finally, variables with p-value ≤ 0.05 were taken as factors associated. Results All the participants gave their responses.Among the participants 279 (44.2) have good knowledge while the majority 352 (55.8%) of the students had poor knowledge about induced abortion. Age [AOR = 4.64, 95% CI (2.95,7.30)], Marital status [AOR = 5.24, 95% CI (3.16, 8.69)], religion [AOR = 0.48, 95% CI (0.26,0.81)], Year of study [AOR = 4.51, 95% CI (2.88,7.08)], Monthly earn/income [AOR = 2.07, 95% (CI 1.40,3.07)], Ever had sex [AOR = 1.92, 95% CI (1.26,2.92)] and urban residence [AOR = 1.87, 95% CI (1.26, 4.35)] were factors associated with knowledge of students towards induced abortion. Regarding attitude, 377 (59.7%) of students had good attitude towards induced abortion. Marital status [AOR = 2.30, 95% CI (1.30, 4.0)], and Religion [AOR = 0.47, 95% CI (0.10, 2.23)] were factors significantly associated with attitude towards induced abortion. Conclusion More than half of the participants have poor knowledge while majority of the students have a good attitude toward induced abortion. Since majority of the students (55.8%) have poor knowledge about induced abortion: health education, short course training, panel discussions and communication programs for youth on induction of abortion services is crucial.

Back ground The adverse birth outcomes can lead to higher rates of illness and infection for newborns, as well as long-term neurological and health problems. Hence, this study aims to identify determinants of adverse birth outcomes among mothers who gave birth in hospitals in the west shewa zone, Ethiopia. Methods Unmatched case-control study was conducted among 591 mothers (146 cases and 445 controls) who gave birth at hospitals found in the west Shewa zone from March 2020 and July 2020. All cases during the data collection period and every 3rd control after cases were selected as a study population. The data were collected from the mothers, measurements from neonates. The questionnaire template was coded by using open source software for Computer-Assisted Personal Interviewing using census and survey processing system (CS-Pro) version 7.1. The collected data were exported to SPSS version 23 for analysis. Finally, presented and interpreted at P-value < 0.05 were considered as statistically significant in multivariable logistic regression.Result: on multivariable analysis; urban residence (AOR=0.56, 95%, CI=0.36-0.88), lack of family support during child bearing (AOR=5.07, 95% ,CI: 3.01-8.54), pregnancy type(3.994 (AOR=3.4, 95% ,CI: 2.04-7.83,), short inter pregnancy interval (AOR=1.6, 95% CI: 1.99-2.48), not provided all initial newborn care (AOR=2.19, 95% CI: 1.39-3.41), less than four antenatal care visits (AOR=1.6, 95% CI: 1.02-2.61) and having current obstetric complication (AOR=2.7, 95% CI: 1.55-4.84) were significantly associated with adverse birth outcomes. Conclusions: Residence, lack of family support during child bearing, Pregnancy type, short inter pregnancy interval, not provided first initial newborn care, having current obstetric complications, and Number of ANC visits were identified as determinants of adverse birth outcome. Therefore, improving family support, inter-pregnancy interval through family planning counselling and provision, providing all initial newborn cares, and having the recommended ANC follow-up was recommended.

Background: Preterm pre-labor rupture of the membrane is a major cause of perinatal, neonatal, and maternal morbidity and mortality both in high- and low-income countries. A woman with premature rupture of membranes is at risk of complications like intra-amniotic infection, postpartum hemorrhage, and death. Little is known about the problem in the study area, therefore, this study was designed to determine the prevalence of preterm premature rupture of membrane and its associated factors among pregnant women admitted to health facilities in ambo town. Methods: Hospitals based cross sectional study was conducted on 391 pregnant women who were admitted to the Hospitals in Ambo town from July 05/2021-August 30/2021.The data were collected through face-to-face interviews by a structured questionnaire. Descriptive analyses were performed using frequencies, percentages, binary logistic regression by adjusting for confounding factors.Results: The prevalence of preterm premature rupture of membrane was found to be 22.6%. Preeclampsia (AOR=3.2, 95% CI=0.69-0.57), Economic status (AOR = 2.64 (95% CI = 1.99–6.01), current urinary tract infection (AOR = 2.42, 95% CI = 1.32–5.19), previous history of premature rupture of membrane (AOR = 2.31, 95% CI = 1.02–6.27), andanemia (AOR = 1.85, 95% CI = 0.65–4.56) were factors associated with preterm premature rupture of membrane.Conclusions: The prevalence of preterm premature rupture of membrane in the study area was high. Based on the predisposing factors identifiedearly screening and treatment as well as health promotion isimportant to reduce the risk of preterm premature rupture of membrane.