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This manuscript presents the design of an antenna based on nested square shaped ring fractal geometry with circular ring elements for multi-band wireless applications. The impedance bandwidth and reflection coefficient of the antenna are improved with the design of different iterations from the 0th to 2nd. The performance parameters of the antenna like reflection coefficient, VSWR, bandwidth, bandwidth ratio, and current density are improved in the final iteration. It also achieves the enhanced bandwidth greater than 3 GHz at three resonant frequency bands and exhibits additional frequency band at 2.4 GHz. Likewise, the frequency band of designed fractal antenna shifts towards the lower end and helps in achieving the miniaturization of antenna. The proposed fractal antenna is designed and fabricated on a low-cost FR4 glass epoxy substrate and investigated using HFSS software. The proposed antenna is optimized for generating different parameters, and the last geometry is fabricated and tested. Further, these parameters are compared with the experimental results and found in good agreement with each other. Due to the multi-band behaviour and improved bandwidth, the proposed fractal antenna can be considered as a good candidate for several wireless standards.

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In this manuscript, a compact wideband antenna using a partial ground plane has been designed by the hybridization of Minkowski fractal curves on the hexagonal radiating patch.Further, the corners of this partial ground plane have been truncated and the Minkowski curves superimposed on each truncated corner and finally, the Lshaped stub has been employed to enhance the performance parameters of the antenna in terms of the number of frequency bands and impedance bandwidth. Different prototypes of an antenna have been compared and found that prototype with Lshaped stub and ground plane with truncated corners using Minkowski curve (proposed prototype) exhibits better antenna performance parameters. The proposed prototype of the antenna reveals the maximum bandwidth of 10.86GHz (140.10%) with four distinct frequency bands 4. 4, 7.1, 10.8, 16.3GHz. Designed antenna has also been fabricated and tested for authentication of simulated results with measured results and found in reasonable agreement with each other. The proposed antenna uses a low-cost FR4 substrate with a compact overall size of 24×30×1.6mm3. Due to the wider bandwidth, stable radiation pattern, and gain at the desired frequency points, the proposed antenna can be used for different wireless applications.