Although custom-made orthosis fabrication is time consuming, it is still recommended since it is custom made, easy to use, and low-cost. On the other hand, the adjustable seating system can be modified according to a patient's height and weight. Clinical relevance It was found that Gross Motor Function Classification System Level 4 children benefitted most from the seating support systems. It was presented that standard chair is sufficient in providing postural alignment. Both custom-made orthosis and adjustable seating system have pros and cons and the best solution for each will be dependent on a number of factors.

[Purpose] To investigate the relationship between hallux valgus (HV) deformity and the position of rearfoot joints, and its effects on the quality of life, pain, and related functional status of women with bilateral hallux valgus (HV). [Subjects and Methods] The subjects were 27 right-dominant women. Demographic data, HV angle, weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing subtalar pronation (SP), and navicular height were recorded. Visual Analog Pain Scale, Foot Function Index (FFI), and the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) first metatarsophalangeal- interphalangeal (MTP-IP) and AOFAS Mid foot (MF) Scales, and SF-36 were also used. [Results] HV angle, weight-bearing SP, and pain intensity of the left foot were higher. HV angle of left foot was correlated with all sub-scales of FFI, the pain parameter of AOFAS MTP-IP, and pain and total scores of AOFAS-MF Scale. HV angle of the left foot correlated with physical role, pain, and social function sub-domains of SF-36. Right HV angles were correlated with right foot pain and non-weight-bearing SP. [Conclusion] Increasing HV angle and pathomechanical changes in the rear foot are correlated, resulting in increasing pain and thus decreasing functional status as well as decreasing quality of life. Although all the participants were right-dominant, their left foot problems were more prominent.

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Background: Ankle foot orthoses (AFOs) are usually recommended to prevent deformities and to increase the standing and walking performance in children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP).Objective: To compare the body functions and structures, activity and participation levels, and environmental factors according to AFO-wearing time in children with spastic CP. Study design: Prospective, cross-sectional-observational-clinical study. Methods: Eighty children with spastic CP (Gross Motor Function Classification System I-III; mean age 7.3 6 3.9 years) were divided into two groups with equal ages and duration of AFO usage, which is provided as a part of routine clinical care: 6-12 hours per day group (n 5 40) and 12-24 hours per day group (n 5 40). The outcomes measured were calf muscle's spasticity with the modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), passive ankle dorsiflexion angle (DA), 66-item Gross Motor Function Measurement, Pediatric Berg Balance Scale, and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL). Parental satisfaction was measured with a Visual Analog Scale. Multifactorial ANOVA was used to compare the groups, corrected for 66-item Gross Motor Function Measurement. Results: No significant differences for the Pediatric Berg Balance Scale, MAS, and DA were found between the groups. Significant differences for the

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