Introduction: Rotator cuff tears are quite common and can cause significant disability. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has now emerged as the modality of choice in the preoperative evaluation of patients with rotator cuff injuries, in view of its improved inherent soft tissue contrast and resolution. Aim:To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of routine MRI in the detection and characterisation of rotator cuff tears, by correlating the findings with arthroscopy. Materials and Methods:This prospective study was carried out between July 2014 and August 2016 at the AJ Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalore, Karnataka, India. A total of 82 patients were diagnosed with rotator cuff injury on MRI during this period, out of which 45 patients who underwent further evaluation with arthroscopy were included in this study. The data collected was analysed for significant correlation between MRI diagnosis and arthroscopic findings using kappa statistics. The sensitivity, specificity, predictive value and accuracy of MRI for the diagnosis of full and partial thickness tears were calculated using arthroscopic findings as the reference standard.Results: There were 27 males and 18 females in this study.The youngest patient was 22 years and the oldest was 74 years. Majority of rotator cuff tears (78%) were seen in patients above the age of 40 years. MRI showed a sensitivity of 89.6%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value of 100% and negative predictive value of 83.3% for the diagnosis of full thickness rotator cuff tears. For partial thickness tears, MRI showed a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 86.6%, positive predictive value of 78.9% and negative predictive value of 100%. The accuracy was 93.1% for full thickness tears and 91.1% for partial thickness tears. The p-value was less than 0.01 for both full and partial thickness tears. There was good agreement between the MRI and arthroscopic findings, with kappa value of 0.85 for full thickness tears and 0.81 for partial thickness tears. Conclusion:MRI revealed high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of rotator cuff tears with accuracy of 93.1% for full thickness tears and 91.1% for partial thickness tears. MRI provides useful information about the size and extent of the tear, involvement of adjacent structures, presence of muscle atrophy and tendon retraction, all of which have important therapeutic and prognostic implications.

This pictorial atlas provides a review of perianal fistulas with a brief description of the relevant anatomy, technique of imaging, and examples of various fistula types. Magnetic resonance imaging is highly accurate for depiction of both the primary tract and its secondary branches as well as abscesses. It is useful in the accurate preoperative classification of perianal fistulas and allows institution of the correct surgical procedure, thereby reducing the chances of recurrence or complications from occurring.

Injuries of the inferior vena cava are rare, and the survival rate is low. The case of a patient who had tears in the inferior vena cava, duodenum and transverse colon is presented. Despite severe blood loss and cardiac arrest in the course of the surgical repair, once the bleeding was controlled the patient's condition improved, and he made a phenomenal recovery without complications.

Perianal fistulae though uncommon, can be quite distressing to the patient. Correct surgical management requires accurate pre-operative assessment and grading of this condition. MRI is now considered the modality of choice in the pre-operative assessment of perianal fistulae. We did a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent MR imaging for perianal fistulae in our institution, and compared it with the surgical findings. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the accuracy of MRI in the pre-operative grading of perianal fistulae. A total of 32 patients were included in this study. Of these, 12(37%) had type 1 intersphincteric, 8(25%) had type 2 intersphincteric, 6(18%) had type 3 transsphincteric, 4(12%) had type 4 transphincteric, and 2(6%) showed supra-levator extension. MRI was able to correctly grade the fistulous tract in 30 of these 32 patients, giving an accuracy of 94%. MRI was found to be extremely useful in the pre-operative assessment of perianal fistulae. It helps in correctly classifying the fistulae and to detect hidden or deep seated tracts or abscesses which would have been otherwise missed. Thus, it is useful in selecting the most appropriate surgical procedure, thereby reducing the chances of recurrence and to avoid complications such as fecal incontinence from occurring.