The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of Panchagavya ghrita on experimentally induced anxiety in swiss albino mice. The study was carried out with an objective of scientifically validating the traditional claims and to compare the ancient knowledge with the latest pharmacological aspects of preclinical research. The Swiss albino mice were divided into 4 groups of 6 mice each. First group received vehicle 10mg/kg orally. Second group was treated with the standard drug diazepam (2mg/kg i.p) one hour before the experiment. Third and fourth group animals were treated with the two different doses of Panchagavya ghrita i.e., 4680mg/kg p.o and 6840mg/kg p.o once daily for 14 days. On the 15th day one hour after administration of the test dose, anti anxiety activity was evaluated using Elevated Plus maze model, Light Dark Transition model & Open field test. Animals treated with Panchagavya Ghrita showed significant result by increasing the number of entries into the open arm and time spent in open arm in Elevated Plus maze model. In Light & Dark Transition model, it showed increase in the Number of entries into the light chamber and time spent in the light chamber and in the open field test, the number of rearings, time spent in the central square and the number of squares crossed increased thus proving the antianxiety activity of Panchagavya ghrita.

Cephalosporin prescribed during the study period was taken up for analysis. Age, sex, length of hospital stay was noted. The name, route, duration of use of Cephalosporins prescribed during the period of hospital stay were recorded. The primary indication for prescribing a Cephalosporin was documented. Results of the sensitivity ABSTRACT Cephalosporins are among the commonly used class of antibiotics in hospitals and healthcare facilities worldwide and the use of newer generation of Cephalosporins have increased in the developed countries with limited number of studies investigating the drug prescribing and utilization pattern in the hospital setting. Hence the present study was carried out aiming to systematically evaluate the prescribing and sensitivity patterns of various Cephalosporins in Medicine and Surgery inpatients in a University teaching Hospital of Mangalore district, Karnataka, India. Cephalosporin utilization was evaluated in 400 inpatients of Medicine and Surgery department of a University teaching Hospital in a cross sectional prospective study for 5 months duration between June 2011-October 2011. 239(59.8%) patients from Medicine department and 161(40.2%) patients from Surgery department were enrolled in the present study. Patients with age group greater than or equal to 60 years received Cephalosporins maximum with 34% and 28% from Medicine and Surgery wards respectively. The median length of hospital stay was 10 days. The most widely prescribed formulation was parenterals (69%). The third-generation Cephalosporins were widely prescribed. 131 patients (32.8%) were prescribed Cephalosporin for surgical propylaxis and 56 patients (14%) to prevent infections. Culture test was performed in only 66(16.5%) cases, only 43 specimens showed positive culture test. Metronidazole was the most commonly co prescribed drug. This study revealed the wider usage of Cephalosporins especially third-generation Cephalosporins. The treatment regimens implemented in most of the cases were without doing any culture sensitivity test which lead to irrational prescribing.