THE USE OF ALPHA LIPOIC ACID AS TAU PROTEIN DEGENERATION INHIBITOR ON PREVENCE CHRONIC TRAUMATIC ENCEPHALOPATHYABSTRACTIntroduction: Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is progressive neurodegenerative syndrome caused by repeated blunt object injury affects the head. This condition results in degeneration of tau, a protein that can help stabilize and support certain structures in brain’s cells, including internal transport system of the brain’s cell. Repeated injuries cause the degeneration of tau proteins that proteins misfold and change their form and then become free radicals cause neuron death. Alpha lipoic acid (ALA) is one of the antioxidant can bind free radicals and regenerate antioxidant vitamin C, vitamin E, and coenzyme Q10.Aim: To exam the effectiveness of alpha lipoic acid to inhibit the degeneration of tau protein in immunohistochemistry experimental animals’s brain.Methods: Experimental study in vivo of CTE model in rat by dropped 245g load on the head at 35cm height. 28 rats were randomly assigned to 7 groups; normal group without treatment, negative control group is given NaCl 0.9% 1.5mL, positive control group is given citicholine 6.75mg, group A is given ALA 1.0125mg, group B is given ALA 2.025mg, group C is given ALA 4.05mg, group D is given ALA 8.1mg and received 30 days CTE treatment. Experiment was conducted in May 2017 at Medical Faculty University of Jember. Tau protein degeneration were scored immunohistochemically.Results: Group D showed the closest to normal, while group A showed most tau protein degeneration (190.25±26.89) compared to normal group (53.25±43.39). Group D also showed lower tau protein score compared to positive control significantly.Discussion: Alpha lipoic acid is able to inhibit the progression of tau protein degeneration on immunohistochemistry staining of animal’s brains in CTE model.Keyword: Alpha lipoic acid, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, tau proteinABSTRAKPendahuluan: Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) adalah sindrom neurodegeneratif progresif akibat cedera berulang benda tumpul yang mengenai kepala. Cedera berulang tersebut menyebabkan degenerasi protein tau, yaitu protein yang dapat membantu menstabilkan dan mendukung struktur tertentu dalam sel otak, termasuk sel dari sistem transportasi internal. Akibatnya, protein tau gagal melipat dan mengubah bentuk, sehingga menjadi radikal bebas yang dapat menye- babkan kematian neuron. Alpha lipoic acid (ALA) adalah salah satu senyawa antioksidan yang mampu mengikat radikal bebas dan meregenerasi antioksidan vitamin C, vitamin E, dan koenzim Q 10.Tujuan: Mengetahui efektivitas pemberian alpha lipoic acid dalam menghambat progresivitas degenerasi protein tau pada gambaran imunohistokimia otak hewan coba.Metode: Studi eksperimental in vivo model CTE pada tikus dengan dijatuhi beban 245g di kepala pada ketinggian35cm. Terdapat 28 tikus yang dibagi menjadi 7 kelompok, yaitu: kelompok normal tanpa perlakuan, kelompok kontrol (-) diberikan NaCl 1,5mL, kontrol (+) diberikan sitikolin 6,75mg, kelompok A diberikan ALA 1,0125mg, kelompok B diberi- kan ALA 2,025mg, kelompok C diberikan ALA 4,05mg, serta kelompok D diberikan ALA 8,1mg dan mendapat perlakuan CTE selama 30 hari. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Mei 2017 di Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Jember. Pemeriksaan skor degenerasi protein tau berdasarkan gambaran imunohistokimia.Hasil: Kelompok D dengan dosis tertinggi 8,1mg merupakan gambaran degenerasi protein tau paling sedikit mendekati normal, sedangkan kelompok A dengan dosis terendah 1,0125mg merupakan gambaran degenerasi protein tau paling banyak (190,25±26,89), jauh lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok normal (53,25±43,39). Demikian pula kelompok D dengan kontrol positif menunjukkan skor degenerasi protein tau kelompok D lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan kontrol positif secara bermakna.Diskusi: Pemberian ALA dosis tinggi mampu menghambat progresivitas degenerasi protein tau pada gambaran imunohistokimia otak hewan coba yang mengalami cedera kepala berulang.Kata kunci: Alpha lipoic acid, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, protein tau
ABSTRACT The data showed that 63.10% of Indonesian people choose self-medication, and 21.41% of them take traditional medicine and only 3.96% of them take an other treatments. North Sumatra is one of the province which have a variety of medicinal plants. In the year of 2000 until 2006 there was an increasing of the traditional medicine utilization that reach of 23.10%. This fact showed that traditional medicinal plants have a pivotal role in improving the economy of North Sumatra Province. This study aims to determine: (1) the development of traditional medicinal plant production, (2) the form of consumption of traditional medicinal plants, (3) the trade of traditional medicinal plants in North Sumatra, (4) the relationship between the exchange rate and the amount of exports of traditional medicinal plants. The research was carried out by literature study and quantitative approach study. The population and sample study was the people who use medicinal plant and traditional medicine in the North Sumatera Province. The study also used secondary data from various sources related to the use of traditional medicinal plants. The results of the study revealed that (1) Production of traditional medicinal plants (jahe, laos, kencur, kunyit, lempuyang, temulawak, temuireng, temulawak, temukunci, cucumber, kapulaga, mengkudu, mahkota dewa, kejibeling, sambiloto and lidah buaya) in North Sumatra Province from 2013-2017 were very fluctuatif (2) Consumption of traditional medicinal plants in the North Sumatra province from 2013-2017 has increased to meet the demand of the pharmaceutical industry, traditional medicine industry and microbusiness of traditional medicine, (3) traditional medicinal plants trading in North Sumatra Province carried out between districts, provinces and international (export) (4) there is no relationship between international trade in medicinal plants with the exchange rate of the rupiah. Keywords: traditional medicinal plants, trade, consumption, exchange rates, exports ABSTRAK Data menyebutkan bahwa 63,10% masyarakat Indonesia memilih pengobatan sendiri, dimana 21,41% diantaranya melakukan pengobatan tradisional dan 3,96% melakukan pengobatan lain. Sumatera Utara merupakan salah satu provinsi penghasil aneka ragam tanaman obat tradisional. Dalam kurun waktu 6 tahun dari tahun 2000 sampai 2006, terjadi peningkatan penggunaan obat tradisional sebanyak 23,10 %. Kondisi tersebut menunjukkan bahwa tanaman obat tradisional memiliki potensi yang kuat dalam meningkatkan perekonomian Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) perkembangan produksi tanaman obat tradisional, (2) bentuk konsumsi tanaman obat tradisional, (3) perdagangan tanaman obat tradisional di Sumatera Utara dan (4) hubungan antara nilai kurs dengan jumlah ekspor tanaman obat tradisional. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi literatur dan analisis kuantitatif. Populasi dan sampel penelitian merupakan masyarakat yang melakukan pengobatan secara tradisional di berbagai kabupaten yang ada di Provinsi Sumatera Utara dan juga menggunakan data sekunder dari berbagai sumber terkait penggunaan tanaman obat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Produksi tanaman obat tradisional (jahe, lengkuas, kencur, kunyit, lempuyang, temulawak, temuireng, temulawak, temukunci, dringgo, kapulaga, mengkudu, mahkota dewa, kejibeling, sambiloto dan lidah buaya) di Provinsi Sumatera Utara mengalami fluktuasi dari tahun 2013-2017 (2) Konsumsi tanaman obat tradisional di Provinsi Sumatera Utara mengalami peningkatan dari tahun 2013-2017 dan konsumsi dilakukan dalam bentuk ramuan oleh masyarakat serta dijadikan sebagai bahan baku untuk industri farmasi, industri tanaman obat tradisional dan usaha mikro tanaman obat tradisional, (3) perdagangan tanaman obat tradisional di provinsi Sumatera Utara dilakukan antar kabupaten, provinsi sampai level internasional (ekspor) (4) tidak ada hubungan antara perdagangan tanaman obat secara internasional dengan nilai kurs rupiah. Kata kunci: tanaman obat tradisional, perdagangan, konsumsi, kurs, ekspor
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