Resumen: Las políticas que han orientado la formación de regiones en la economía mundial en las últimas décadas, tienen su origen en el orden internacional que emerge de la conferencia de Bretton Woods. En los países centrales (Europa) y América Latina, aunque por diferentes razones, se impulsaron políticas específicas de cooperación regionales. Una renovada intensificación de los procesos de integración tiene lugar desde mediados de la década de los 80s. Los nuevos regionalismos implican cambios cuantitativos y cualitativos con respecto a etapas anteriores, aunque no suponen nuevas estrategias de desarrollo. Argumentamos que en la fase contemporánea de las relaciones internacionales, los espacios integrados no pueden aislarse del estudio del orden mundial ni del fenómeno de la globalización.
Palabras-clave:Integración Regional, Relaciones Internacionales, Regionalismo, Globalización.
Abstract:The policies that have driven the formation of regions, in the world economy during the last decades, have their origin in the international order that had emerged from the Bretton Woods conference. The central (Europe) and Latin American countries, although for different reasons, have promoted policies of regional cooperation. A renewed intensification of the integration processes has taken place from the mid 80s of the XX century. The new regionalisms imply both qualitative and quantitative changes with respect to the previous periods, though they not entail new development strategies. We defend that, in the current phase of the international systems, the already integrated spaces should neither isolate themselves from the consideration of the world order, nor ignore the globalization phenomena.
ResumenLa trayectoria, tan rica y diversa del institucionalismo, es un caso de estudio que interroga al historiador del pensamiento económico y le plantea dilemas poco fáciles de resolver sobre su reconstrucción historiográfica. Desde una perspectiva de contextos de la actividad científica se ha buscado una integración de aspectos externos e internos de la corriente. Esta labor permite identificar los factores ambientales de la corriente y las influencias recibidas en su origen. Se demuestra que el institucionalismo económico en su fase temprana , se constituyó en un movimiento con identidad propia y vinculada a los debates generados en el ámbito de la American Economic Association. Se sostiene que la trayectoria del institucionalismo original, debe ser interpretada bajo la figura de un movimiento económico. Se concluye que este último posee rasgos de disidencia frente a la corriente principal de la ciencia económica.Palabras-clave: Institucionalismo económico; Contextos teóricos; Estados Unidos de América; Progresivismo; Veblen, 1857-1929.
Abstract
Economic institucionalism. Identity of a dissident movement (1899-1939)The path of institutionalism, as rich as it is diverse, is a case study that interrogates economic historians and confronts them with dilemmas, which are usually not easy to resolve in a reconstructible historical perspective. Using a perspective of scientific contexts, it has been sought the integration of external and internal influences on this stream of thought. This work identifies the environmental factors of the school and how each one influences its origin. We show that economic institutionalism in its early phase (1899-1939) became a movement with its own identity as well as was linked to the debates generated in the context of the "American Economic Association". The article argues that the trajectory of the original institutionalism must be interpreted within the framework of an economic movement. The authors conclude that the latter showed characteristics of dissent from mainstream economics in this period of history.
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