Highlights: Graphic tools and virtual reconstruction applied to watermills contribute to their overall understanding as an anthropogenic landscape. Virtual reconstruction of the milling mechanisms allows us to understand the mill operation beyond the mere construction preservation. The Riamonte mills are an example of a group of canal mills linked to a single dam and with a social typology of inheriting turns to grind. Abstract: Each concello (municipality) in Galicia is home to a large number of pre-industrial rural heritage assets integrated into the landscape. Among them are the water mills, usually made up of small constructions that are difficult to reuse in their original function. They are not easily compatible with other uses either. Their current state of abandonment requires their cataloguing and correct valorization as pre-industrial archaeological heritage. These constructions must be conceived as interrelated constructive groupings, in their original physical and social context. A good example of this is the unpublished sample of the Riamonte milling complex. Its study, digitalization and virtual recreation by means of computer-assisted graphics have great potential for dissemination to the public and better integration into the nature trail near the riverbed. Graphically presenting archaeological heritage through virtual media helps to promote social understanding in order to raise awareness of the importance of its protection and irreplaceable nature, especially in case of those vestiges lacking sufficient security to survive. Due to the large amount of vegetation around the wall remains, a rigorous planimetric survey of the entire complex was carried out, followed by three-dimensional (3D) modelling of representative elements. In addition, applying a rigorous principle of transparency, a chromatic differentiation is made in the 2D and 3D virtual reconstructions between already existing and newly added elements. Regarding the 3D model, a historical-archaeological evidence scale is used, allowing a graphic identification of the authenticity degree required to provide reliability in the reconstruction of lost or altered parts. This facilitates virtual recreation interpretation among future researchers from different disciplines. The Riamonte mill complex is part of a typology typical of the region, in which the use of virtual models makes it possible to reach the scales of the territory, the building and the machinery, facilitating the correct understanding of this cultural heritage.
Resumen-La estabilización de bloques de tierra comprimida (BTC) es un proceso fundamental para incentivar el uso de la tierra como material de construcción e implica acciones químicas, físicas y mecánicas. Así se dispone de "estabilizadores químicos" del tipo aceites naturales, cal viva o apagada, silicatos de sosa y orina, resinas acrílicas, yema de huevo, productos puzolánicos, cementos, yesos, otras resinas, entre otros; y además la estabilización física que implica la mezcla de suelos y el uso de fibras de refuerzo. Se toman aquí como base las arcillas que forman parte de la tierra como material constructivo por excelencia por su fácil manejo y disponibilidad que admite el uso de materiales reciclables que por sus características y propiedades físicas y mecánicas puedan incluirse en bloques de tierra tanto moldeada como comprimida. En el presente estudio se realiza la caracterización de material arcilloso que luego se mezcla con áridos finos y con cementantes, además de incluir la ceniza de bagazo de caña de azúcar calcinada (CBCA) para activarla como puzolana natural. Tanto el bagazo como la ceniza son recuperados de un ingenio azucarero, y de manera paralela la recuperación del carbonato de calcio que mediante un proceso de calcinación se consigue una cantidad alta de óxido de calcio de conchas marinas (CaCO3) pulverizadas como posible refuerzo de cementantes. Se observó un porcentaje de activación puzolánica en la muestra de ceniza CBCA07 en un 72.16% y una pérdida por ignición del 0.63%. Se compara el comportamiento a la compresión, flexión, abrasión, capilaridad y erosión de los especímenes en combinaciones de cementantes, arcillas, CBCA y CaCO. Los resultados muestran un aumento de la resistencia a la compresión de hasta 4.26 MPa, en las probetas con 6% de CBCA con el 14% de cal. En los especímenes con 70% de ceniza de CBCA un 30% de CaCO a los 28 días de curado se obtiene 1.32 MPa.Palabras Clave-Adobe; Bloques de tierra comprimida, activación puzolánica; Ceniza de bagazo de caña de azúcar Estabilización de bloques de tierra comprimida (BTC) por adición de ceniza de bagazo de caña… Stabilization of compressed earth bricks (CEB) by adding (SBA) sugarcane bagasse…
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