Background: Pediatric sedation and anesthesia techniques have plenty of difficulties and challenges. Data on the pharmacologic, electroencephalographic, and neurologic response to anesthesia at different brain development times are only partially known. New data in neuroscience, pharmacology, and intraoperative neuromonitoring will impact changing concepts and clinical practice. In this article, we develop a conversation to guide the debate and search for a view more attuned to the updated knowledge in neurodevelopment, electroencephalography, and clinical pharmacology for the anesthesiologic practice in the pediatric population.