LODO DE ESGOTO ESTABILIZADO APRESENTA CONDIÇÕES FITOTÓXICAS ADEQUADAS PARA A GERMINAÇÃO DO FALSO PAU-BRASIL GUSTAVO DE OLIVEIRA ALVES1, PAULO HENRIQUE SILVEIRA CARDOSO2, PAULA WELLEN BARBOSA GONÇALVES3, CINTIA DAYRANE DUARTE MOREIRA4, REGYNALDO ARRUDA SAMPAIO5 1 Pós-graduando no Programa de Pós-graduação em Solos e Nutrição de Plantas (PPGSNP), Departamento de Solo, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, CEP: 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brasil, gustavodalves@ufv.br. 2 Pós-graduando em Ciências, Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura (CENA), Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Centenário, 303, São Dimas, CEP: 13416-000, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brasil, paulohscardoso@usp.br. 3 Pós-graduanda no Programa de Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Ciência do Solo), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias - Campus de Jaboticabal, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, Vila Industrial, CEP: 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brasil, paula.wellen@unesp.br. 4 Pós-graduanda no Programa de Pós-graduação em Solos e Nutrição de Plantas (PPGSNP), Departamento de Solo, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, CEP: 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brasil, cintiadmoreira@ufv.br. 5 Professor doutor, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Universitária, 1000, Universitário, CEP: 39404-547, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brasil, rsampaio@ufmg.br. RESUMO: Adenanthera pavonina L. é uma espécie florestal amplamente utilizada na jardinagem e na recuperação de áreas degradadas. O emprego do lodo de esgoto na produção de mudas pode colaborar na redução de custos, desde que o resíduo não cause fitotoxicidade a espécie. Logo, objetivou-se avaliar a fitotoxicidade do lodo de esgoto estabilizado com cultivo de Urochloa brizantha e, subsequentemente, compostado, na germinação e crescimento inicial de A. pavonina, em extratos concentrados de 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 e 10% (v:v). Não houve alteração significativa na germinação de ambos os substratos e entre as concentrações em extratos de 0, 2 e 4%. A velocidade da germinação e o alongamento das plântulas foram reduzidas, sobretudo, em concentrações superiores a 6%. Entre os métodos de estabilização avaliados, o lodo compostado apresentou a menor fitotoxicidade, atingindo a maior porcentagem relativa da germinação e alongamento da radícula. O índice de germinação do lodo compostado e cultivado foi superior aos 90% em concentrações de 2 e 4%, contudo, em extratos mais concentrados o composto do lodo foi o de menor fitotóxico. Portanto, conclui-se que as concentrações entre 2 a 4% de lodo cultivado ou compostado mostraram-se mais adequadas para a germinação e desenvolvimento das plântulas. Palavras-chaves: ecotoxicidade; fertilizante orgânico; compostagem; higienização; substrato de plantio STABILIZED SEWAGE SLUDGE PRESENTS SUITABLE PHYTO-TOXIC CONDITIONS FOR GERMINATION OF FALSO-PAU-BRASIL ABSTRACT: Adenanthera pavonina L. is a forest species widely used in gardening and the recovery of degraded areas. The use of sewage sludge in the production of seedlings can reduce costs, as long as the residue does not cause phytotoxicity to the species. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the phytotoxicity of sewage sludge stabilized through Urochloa brizantha culture and, subsequently, composted, in the germination and initial growth of A. pavonina, in concentrated extracts of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10% (v:v). There was no significant change in the germination of both substrates and between concentrations in extracts of 0, 2, and 4%. The speed of germination and the elongation of the seedlings were reduced mainly in concentrations above 6%. Among the stabilization methods evaluated, the composted sludge showed the lowest phytotoxicity, reaching the highest relative percentage of germination and radicle elongation. The germination vitality of the composted and cultivated sludge was higher than 90% at concentrations of 2 and 4%, however, in more concentrated extracts, the sludge compound was the least phytotoxic. Therefore, it is concluded that concentrations between 2 to 4% of cultivated or composted sludge were more suitable for germination and seedling development. Keywords: ecotoxicity; organic fertilizer; compost; sanitation; planting substrate
The cultivation of grasses in sewage sludge (SS) with aeration has the potential for stabilization of sludge organic matter in the production of organic fertilizer. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the cultivation of Urochloa brizantha and Pennisetum purpureum under aerated system on the chemical and biological attributes of SS to obtain a matured organic fertilizer. The study was conducted in a randomized block design in a 2x2+2 factorial scheme with four replications. Factors consisted of cultivation of P. purpureum or U. brizantha in SS, with or without intermittent aeration. Control treatments were SS without cultivation, with or without aeration. Sewage sludge was collected in layers and the chemical and microbial attributes were evaluated. There was no significant difference between treatments for grass dry matter. The C/N ratio was not matched with organic fertilizer stabilization due to similar losses of C and N (~7%). However, microbial activity was reduced in the presence of plant cultivation demonstrating improvement in the properties of the organic fertilizer produced. Through uni-and multivariate analysis, organic fertilizer produced from SS aerated and cultivated with P. purpureum showed matured organic matter.
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