The excessive use of fertilizers in agriculture is mainly due to the recognized plant requirements for soluble phosphorus. This problem has limited the implementation of sustainable agriculture. A viable alternative is to use phosphate solubilizing soil microorganisms. This work aimed to isolate inorganic phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria from the soils of agroecosystems, to select and identify, based on sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene, the bacterium with the highest capacity for in vitro solubilization of inorganic phosphate. Additionally, we aimed to determine its primary phosphate solubilizing mechanisms and to evaluate its effect on Habanero pepper seedlings growth. A total of 21 bacterial strains were isolated by their activity on Pikovskaya agar. Of these, strain ITCB-09 exhibited the highest ability to solubilize inorganic phosphate (865.98 µg/mL) through the production of organic acids. This strain produced extracellular polymeric substances and siderophores that have ecological implications for phosphate solubilization. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain ITCB-09 belongs to the genus Enterobacter. Enterobacter sp. ITCB-09, especially when immobilized in beads, had a positive effect on Capsicum chinense Jacq. seedling growth, indicating its potential as a biofertilizer.
Resumen:Antecedentes y Objetivos: En los bosques tropicales la inundación estacional puede actuar como filtro ambiental afectando la supervivencia, el establecimiento y el crecimiento de las plántulas de especies arbóreas e influir en la estructura de las comunidades. Se simularon condiciones de inundación y sequía con el objetivo de evaluar su efecto como filtro ambiental sobre la supervivencia, crecimiento (longitud del tallo y número de hojas) y biomasa acumulada en plántulas de Brosimum alicastrum y Psidium sartorianum de la selva de Campeche, México.Métodos: Se estableció un experimento en condiciones de vivero con un diseño completamente al azar, con tres tratamientos (sequía, riego regular e inundación).Para cada tratamiento se utilizaron 45 plántulas de cada especie. Se evaluaron la supervivencia, altura y número de hojas de las plántulas al inicio del experimento y a intervalos de 30 días hasta su conclusión a los 120 días. Al finalizar, se cosecharon las plántulas y se midió la longitud de las raíces y la biomasa acumulada.Resultados clave: La inundación disminuyó la supervivencia de plántulas de B. alicastrum y no la de P. sartorianum, limitó la longitud del tallo, el número de hojas y la biomasa acumulada de ambas especies, pero no la biomasa de raíces de P. sartorianum. La supervivencia de las plántulas expuestas a sequía y riego regular no cambió y aumentó el crecimiento y biomasa acumulada.Conclusiones: Las respuestas de las especies contribuyeron a entender el papel del filtro ambiental en el establecimiento de las plántulas de especies arbóreas en los bajos de Calakmul, Campeche. La inundación estacional actúa como un filtro ambiental, elimina las plántulas de B. alicastrum en los bajos, mientras que esta especie predomina en áreas con suelos bien drenados como los lomeríos adyacentes a la zona inundada. Psidium sartorianum se adaptó a las condiciones de sequía e inundación, como se observa en su hábitat natural.
Objective. To describe reproductive phenological stages, since the formation of flower buds, flowering, fruiting, up to the formation of the ripe fruit and foliation of 21 Couepia polyandra trees; and correlation of allometric data of tree height, diameter at breast height (DBH) and crown diameter, as well as the correlation of precipitation with reproductive phenology data. Methodology. The description of the reproductive phenology (foliage, formation of flower buds, flowers, fruits) was done by direct monthly observation with a digital camera (Canon SX60HS, 65). The correlation among precipitation, allometry, and types of soils where the trees grow was calculated by recording data from each tree by measuring height, diameter at breast height (DBH) and foliage. Results. The highest tree was 21.0 m; the widest DBH measured 68 cm; and the greater crown diameter was 34.45 m; the overall averages were 10.38 m, 33.17 cm and 9.37 m, respectively. A significant correlation was found between height and DBH (r=0.91, p<0.05); the correlations for the variables Height-Crown and DBH-Crown were not significant (p>0.05). Conclusions. Water as a factor is responsible for the formation of inflorescence and fruit; determining that these phenological events are dependent variables with precipitation, highlighting a mean positive relation with the growth of flowers.
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