According to the evidence, there is a need for more thorough assessment and quantification of body size and shape and the risk of breast cancer. Using the somatotype methodology, we carried out an original research in order to explore possible associations between body shape and the risk of breast cancer in Uruguayan women. With this objective, 254 recent breast cancer cases and 1,000 frequency-matched healthy controls were interviewed on menstrual and reproductive story, and a series of skinfolds, circumferences and diameters were measured specifically to calculate somatotype. A positive association with breast cancer was found for high endomorphy (Odds Ratio [OR] = 2.82, p < 0.001), mainly among premenopausal women (OR = 4.98, p <0.001) and normoweight women (OR = 5.12, p = 0.002), whereas almost no differences were observed for mesomorphic and ectomorphic women. Analysis showed a high mesoendomorphic pattern in the study population. Further studies are needed to confirm the present results obtained in a country with high incidence of the disease.

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RESUMENEl carcinoma ductal in situ (CDIS) se encuentra en un grupo heterogéneo de tumores, cuyo diagnóstico se ha visto incrementado con el uso de la mamografía como método de cribado. El sistema de clasificación de Van Nuys, que se basa principalmente en el grado nuclear histológico y la presencia de necrosis, es el sistema más reproducible para la clasificación histopatológica. La anomalía más común que se observa en la mamografía son las microcalcificaciones, coexistiendo con otras lesiones como masas y distorsión arquitectural, que representan lesiones de bajo grado. El diagnóstico inicial debe realizarse mediante anamnesis y examen físico detallado que permita realizar una aproximación a las características morfoestructurales de la lesión, para posteriormente llegar a un acercamiento imagenológico y dinámico mediante resonancia magnética (RM), complementada con técnicas de inmunohistoquímica que caractericen el tumor. La presencia de distribución segmentaria morfológica es típico de malignidad (CDIS). La cinética de las lesiones en el estudio dinámico de la RM varía, siendo patognomónico de CDIS el patrón de washout en la fase de reforzamiento tardío. Sin embargo, el patrón dinámico parece estar correlacionado con los hallazgos mamográficos. Los hallazgos de RM y TC multidetector pueden ser útiles en combinación con la RM de mama para el mapeo preoperatorio. Sin embargo, existen técnicas complementarias como la espectroscopía y la difusión ponderada que mejoran la especificidad de la RM y tienen utilidad en la predicción de respuesta a la quimioterapia adyuvante. Estas aplicaciones futuras podrán mejorar la capacidad de diagnóstico oportuno y opciones de tratamiento.Palabras clave: Carcinoma ductal in situ; microcalcificaciones; mamografía; resonancia magnética; patología. Current issues in the diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ: a radiopathological correlation ABSTRACTDuctal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) falls into a heterogeneous group of tumors, whose diagnosis has increased with the use of mammography as screening method. The Van Nuys Prognostic Index, mainly based on histological nuclear grade and presence of necrosis, is the most reproducible histopathological classification system. The most common abnormality observed during a mammography are microcalcifications, which coexist with other lesions such as masses and architectural distortion, and represent low-grade lesions. The initial diagnosis should be performed by anamnesis and a detailed physical examination to help determine the morphostructural characteristics of the lesion. Then an imaging and dynamic approach should be achieved by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) complemented by immunohistochemistry to characterize the tumor. The presence of morphological segmental distribution is typical of malignancy (DCIS). The kinetics of the lesions using a dynamic MRI varies, with the washout and late enhancement pattern being pathognomonic for DCIS. However, the dynamic pattern seems to be correlated with mammographic findings. Multidetector CT and MRI fi...

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology for the diagnosis of breast solid masses.Materials and method: It is a retrospective study with 705 patients carrying a solid breast mass who underwent ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology for the diagnosis. The fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was performed with ultrasound guidance and a 21 G gauge needle was used. The cytological results were classified as benign, suspicious, malignant or insufficient. The benign results were considered negative for malignancy and the malignant and suspect results were considered positive for malignancy. Insufficient results were not included in analysis of the accuracy of the study.In all cases the histological result of the masses was obtained and it was taken as reference test. The ultrasound-guided FNAC accuracy was evaluated for all cases and then specifically for the masses classified in the categories 3, 4 and 5 of BI-RADS.Results: When all cases were included the results were the following: sensitivity 96%, specificity 92%, positive predictive value 97%, negative predictive value 89%, false positives 3%, false negatives 11% and overall accuracy 95%. For the BI-RADS category 3 the results were the following: sensitivity 100%, specificity 98%, positive predictive value 90%, negative predictive value 100%, false positives 10%, there were no false negatives and overall accuracy 98%.For the BI-RADS category 4 the results were the following: sensitivity 92%, specificity 85%, positive predictive value 95%, negative predictive value 78%, false positives 5 %, false negatives 21% and overall accuracy 91%. For the BI-RADS category 5 the results were the following: sensitivity 99%, specificity 75%, positive predictive value 99.6%, negative predictive value 40%, false positives 0.4%, false negatives 60% and overall accuracy 99%. Conclusion:Ultrasound-guided FNAC is a valuable diagnostic technique for breast solid masses. In the probably benign masses (BI-RADS 3) its objective is to rule out malignancy for safely avoid biopsy and planning an imaging follow-up. In the suspicious and highly suggestive of malignancy masses (BI-RADS 4 and 5) the objective is to confirm malignancy prior to definitive treatment, when neoadjuvant chemotherapy is not needed.