Avaliou-se o conforto térmico de vacas leiteiras mestiças, anteriormente à inseminação artificial, e a relação com a taxa de concepção. Este estudo foi realizado em Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, região caracterizada por invernos secos e verões chuvosos, utilizando 112 vacas leiteiras mestiças, cuja composição genética envolvia as raças Holandesa, Gir, Jersey e Pardo Suíça. Os parâmetros fisiológicos, frequência respiratória e temperatura retal foram mensurados previamente à inseminação artificial, juntamente com os parâmetros ambientais, temperatura, umidade do ar e velocidade do vento. A temperaturamínima e a umidade relativa foram maiores no verão do que no inverno. Já a amplitude térmica foi menor no verão em relação ao inverno (p ˂ 0,05). As temperaturas média e máxima do ar, ITU (índice de temperatura e umidade) e ITE (índice de temperatura equivalente) não diferiram entre as estações (p ˃ 0,05). Observou-se uma tendênciade maior taxa de concepção quando as inseminações foram realizadas no ITU ≤ 72 (p = 0,06). Conclui-se que o momento em que foram realizadas as inseminações artificiais contribuiu para que os animais estivessem em conforto térmico e, portanto, não foi observado prejuízo na taxa de concepção das vacas leiteiras mestiças.
RESUMO Effects of age on histological parameters of the sweat glands of Nellore cattleThe sweat glands are important in thermoregulation of cattle in a warm environment as they help dissipate heat through evaporation. Studies on gland histology are important to define its secretion potential and the capacity of perspiration and heat removal. The objective of this study was to determine, by histomorphometry, glandular epithelium height, the depth of the gland, length of the glandular portion and number of glands per cm 2 of the sweat glands of the three age groups of Nellore cattle. Thirty females were used in this study. They were equally divided into calves, heifers and cows. Histological sections were obtained and analyzed by digital images in Trinocular BX40 Olympus microscope coupled to an Oly -200 camera, connected to a computer. The images were obtained with microscope with 2x, 4x, 10x and 40x magnification objectives. The measurements were performed using HL Image 97 program. The height of glandular epithelium, depth of the glands, length and density of the glandular portion per cm 2 , were all analyzed. The calves showed greater height of the glandular epithelium than heifers (P = 0.0024), and cows (P = 0.0191). The depth of the gland was not influenced by age. Cows had higher length of secretory portion than heifers (P = 0.0379) and calves (P = 0.0077). Heifers had a greater number of sweat glands per cm 2 of skin than cows (P = 0.023). In cattle, the height of glandular epithelium and the density decreases as animals get older. On the other hand, the length of the secretor portion increases but with no changes in the depth of the sweat glands.
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