ABSTRACT. In this paper we study the topology of the space Iω of complex structures compatible with a fixed symplectic form ω, using the framework of Donaldson. By comparing our analysis of the space Iω with results of McDuff on the space Jω of compatible almost complex structures on rational ruled surfaces, we find that Iω is contractible in this case.We then apply this result to study the topology of the symplectomorphism group of a rational ruled surface, extending results of Abreu and McDuff.

We continue the analysis started by Abreu, McDu and Anjos of the topology of the group of symplectomorphisms of S 2 × S 2 when the ratio of the area of the two spheres lies in the interval (1; 2]. We express the group, up to homotopy, as the pushout (or amalgam) of certain of its compact Lie subgroups. We use this to compute the homotopy type of the classifying space of the group of symplectomorphisms and the corresponding ring of characteristic classes for symplectic ÿbrations. ?

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Abstract. In this paper we apply Donaldson's general moment map framework for the action of a symplectomorphism group on the corresponding space of compatible (almost) complex structures to the case of rational ruled surfaces. This gives a new approach to understanding the topology of their symplectomorphism groups, based on a result of independent interest: the space of compatible integrable complex structures on any symplectic rational ruled surface is (weakly) contractible. We also explain how in general, under this condition, there is a direct relationship between the topology of a symplectomorphism group, the deformation theory of compatible complex structures and the groups of complex automorphisms of these complex structures.

In design and implementation of Alkali Surfactant Polymer (ASP) formulation for IOR processes, the inorganic alkali component acts as sacrificing agent avoiding the surfactant adsorption and decreasing the IFT. Nevertheless, as a part of this process there are some potential problems to be considered previously and during ASP injection processes such as: the ASP injection water should be softened to prevent scale formation that produces higher costs for water treatment, possible tubing corrosion problems and possible viscosity reduction. The effect of organic alkali on IFT, adsorption and viscosity has been previously focussed on comparing to the conventional inorganic alkali in these formulations. In those investigations, it was founded that organic alkalis are compatible with unsoftened waters and the rest of ASP slug components, reduce adsorption, minimize the surface equipment and the formation damage what reduces initial investment costs and greater project profitability. The objective of this study is to show the advantages and outcomes in applying an improved design of the current ASP formulation for the pilot project La Salina Field Maracaibo Lake, using an organic compound-surfactant-polymer (OCSP) formulation, which uses an organic compound as substitute for traditional inorganic alkali. In fact, fluid-fluid and rock-fluid compatibility laboratory tests, new chemical components concentrations, phase behavior study, IFT screening and porous media evaluations (adsorption and recovery factors) were performed in laboratory in berea cores. Linear corefloods displacements for La Salina LL-03 let to obtain the OCSP flood recovery and additional OOIP estimated of 22.2%. Finally, these results confirm the technical advantages of applying an optimized formulation using an organic agent for this field. Introduction The ASP technology is an enhanced oil recovery method which combines the synergetic effects of three components (alkali, surfactant and polymer) in order to improve the sweep efficiency to oil residual saturation. This effect is achieved with the reduction of the IFT from the injection of surfactants and alkaline solutions which also acts like sacrificing agent to diminish the adsorption of surfactant and polymer into the porous media. The polymer injection lets to increase the viscosity of ASP slug, which is fundamental to improve the volumetric sweep efficiency. There are numerous successful international experiences in the ASP technology application. Particularly, those in US and China fields represent the most emblematic experiences 1, 2, 3. La Salina Field, on the eastern coast of Maracaibo Lake in Venezuela, is ASP pilot project designated contemplating all different and crucial stages of this process: development of the corresponding optimal ASP formulation for LL-03/Phase III reservoir, numerical simulation model and design of an injection plant 4. An estimate of 19.0% was considered as the incremental recovery factor for reservoirs of Miocene with the injection of ASP according to previous studies to optimal ASP formulation. The area of Phase III has been subject to water injection project since 1987. The injection has been carried on by inverted seven spot well patterns. The ASP injection project contemplates to implant the technology in three arrangements initially. The subject tests development in this study corresponds to the first arrangement, where is located the well PB-734. The type of arrangement is a triangular form with a separation between wells of 150 mts aproximately. In the center of the triangle, a well injector of ASP and one observer are located. All these wells were completed with sensors of pressure and temperature of bottom. Figure 1 shows the area of study into the Phase III and the Table 1 lists the reservoir typical characteristics of the LL-03, La Salina.