Brazilian soils destined for fodder production are infertile and acidic and contain toxic levels of aluminum (Al), which cause a reduction in growth of the root system and aerial plant parts. The main aim of the present pot trial was to determine ultrastructural and developmental changes in root and leaf tissues of Urochloa brizantha, when grown in an acid Oxisol containing varying levels of Al. The experimental design was a 3 × 5 factorial arrangement, involving 3 cultivars of U. brizantha (Marandu, Paiaguás and Piatã) and 5 concentrations of Al in the soil (0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6 and 3.2 cmol/dm3), with 4 replications; a total of 60 pots. All cultivars responded negatively to increasing Al concentration in the soil, even in small amounts. Root ultrastructures were damaged even at concentrations of 0.4 cmol Al/dm3, primarily in the conducting tissues (xylem and phloem) and epidermal cells. Shoot development and leaf tissues were also negatively affected. In general, plant development and ultrastructure of root and leaf tissues in all 3 cultivars of U. brizantha were impaired when grown in the presence of Al at doses >0.2 cmol/dm3 in the soil.
Algumas cultivares de soja de ciclo perene podem apresentar plasticidade na brotação dos ramos laterais, ou mesmo, pode ser estimulado após a sua poda apical em diferentes estádios fenológicos da cultura. Diante do exposto esse trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o desenvolvimento de cultivares de soja de crescimento indeterminado após a poda apical. O experimento foi realizado em outubro de 2019, nas Faculdades Integradas Stella Maris (FISMA), localizada no Município de Andradina, Estado de São Paulo. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial de 2x4, sendo dois cultivares de soja, DM81I84 IPRO e SYN 1687 IPRO, interagindo com a poda apical em quatro estádios diferentes de desenvolvimento, sendo eles: ausência de poda (controle), V4, V8 e R2, perfazendo oito tratamentos e com cinco repetições, totalizando 40 parcelas ou vasos. Não é recomendada a poda apical nas cultivares de soja DM81I84 IPRO e SYN 1687 IPRO. A poda apical na fase reprodutiva da soja influencia de maneira negativa a produtividade da cultura. A cultivar de soja DM81I84 IPRO se destacou nas características de produção. O número de galhos apresenta uma correlação positiva com a produtividade na cultura da soja.
Introduction:In order to characterize Eucalyptus species for diverse purposes, it is necessary to analyze it in an ultrastructural and physiological way, aiming a faster and more precise selection of the possible properties and utilities of the species. Objective: The objective was to observe the physiological and ultrastructural characteristics of leaves of eucalyptus clones destined for matrix selection.
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