The (co)variance components of BW at weaning (WW) were estimated for a Colombian multibreed beef cattle population. A single-trait animal model was used. The model included the fixed effect of contemporary group (sex, season, and year), and covariates including age of calf at weaning, age of cow, individual and maternal heterozygosity proportions, and breed percentage. Direct genetic, maternal genetic, permanent environmental, and residual effects were included as random effects. Direct, maternal, and total heritabilities were 0.23 +/- 0.047, 0.15 +/- 0.041, and 0.19, respectively. The genetic correlation between direct and maternal effects was -0.42 +/- 0.131, indicating that there may be antagonism among genes for growth and genes for maternal ability, which in turn suggests that improving WW by direct and maternal EPD may be difficult. A greater value for the direct heterosis effect compared with the maternal heterosis effect was found. Furthermore, the greater the proportion of Angus, Romosinuano, and Blanco Orejinegro breeds, the less the WW.
ResumenEste artículo describe el origen del ganado criollo colombiano en general y en particular la formación de una de dichas razas, el bovino Costeño con Cuernos (CCC), el nicho ecológico donde ha prosperado y la historia de la creación del hato de conservación que el Estado colombiano mantiene, desde 1936, en uno de sus centros de investigación, Turipaná, localizado en el municipio de Cereté, Córdoba, Colombia. Igualmente, se detallan las principales características externas, fisiológicas, genéticas y productivas de la raza, con especial énfasis en los resultados de investigación en rasgos de crecimiento y producción de leche. Se concluye que el CCC, por su adaptación al trópico húmedo, es un recurso genético valioso para producir en forma sostenible, competitiva y limpia, especialmente en sistemas extensivos de uso limitado de insumos externos. Palabras clave: Colombia, bovinos criollos, Costeño con Cuernos SummaryThis paper describes the origin of the Colombian Creole breeds, in particular the formation of one of these, the Horned Coastal Creole (CCC) cattle. It outlines the ecological environment where it has flourished, and the history of the foundation of the conservation herd that the Colombian government has maintained since 1936 in one of its research stations, Turipaná, located at the town of Cereté in Córdoba department. Additionally we detail the breed's principal external, physiological and genetic characteristics, with special emphasis on the research results as regards growth and milk production traits. We conclude that the CCC, because of its adaptation to the humid tropic environment, is an important genetic resource to produce in a sustainable, competitive and 'green' way, especially in extensive systems with low external inputs. RésuméLe présent article décrit l'origine des races créoles colombiennes et, en particulier, la structure d'une de ces races, les bovins Costeño con Cuernos (CCC). Il décrit également le milieu écologique où cette race a prospéré et l'histoire de la création du troupeau de conservation que le Gouvernement colombien entretient depuis 1936 dans un de ses centres de recherche, celui de Turipaná, qui se trouve dans la ville de Cereté, Córdoba, en Colombie. L'article expose en outre en détail les principales caractéristiques externes, physiologiques et génétiques, en mettant un accent particulier sur les résultats de la recherche relatifs aux caractères de la croissance et de la production de lait. Il conclut que la race CCC, en raison de son adaptation au milieu humide tropical, est une ressource génétique importante à produire de façon durable, compétitive et écologique, en particulier dans le cadre des systèmes extensifs à faible apport d'intrant.
<p>Se analizaron 932 registros de la edad al primer parto en hembras de la raza criolla Romosinuano nacidas entre los años 1980 y 2001 en el núcleo de conservación del Centro de Investigación Turipaná de Corpoica en Cereté (Córdoba). La edad promedio al primer parto fue de 1.162,297 ± 4,26 días (cv= 11,19%). Para el estudio de los factores ambientales se utilizó el análisis de varianza mediante modelos lineales del procedimiento Proc Glm del programa estadístico SAS®. El análisis de varianza reveló que el año y el mes de nacimiento fueron causas de variación estadísticamente significativas respecto de la edad al primer parto. La heredabilidad de este rasgo, calculada por la correlación intraclase entre medias hermanas paternas, fue de 0,16 ± 0,08. Con relación al intervalo entre partos, la media estimada fue de 433,60 ± 3,69 días, con una desviación estándar de 139,18 días (cv= 32,10%); el respectivo análisis estadístico fue realizado a través del método de mínimos cuadrados del algoritmo Proc Glm de SAS®. El análisis de varianza señaló que el año y el mes de nacimiento, así como el número de partos, constituyeron causas de variación estadísticamente significativas del intervalo entre partos en hembras Romosinuano. La heredabilidad de esta característica, estimada mediante los componenetes de varianza del programa Mtdfreml fue de 0,05 ± 0,04. La eficiencia reproductiva promedio fue del 85,11%, con una desviación estándar de 17,65% y variaciones individuales que oscilaron entre 117,74 % y 32,19%. </p><p> </p><p><strong>Environmental and genetic factors influencing age at first calving and calving interval in females of Colombian Romosinuano native breed </strong></p><p>932 records of age at first calving in females of Colombian native breed Romosinuano born during 1980 - 2001 in the conservation nucleus of Corpoica’s Turipaná Research Center in Cereté (Córdoba) were analyzed. Mean age at first calving was 1,662.297 ± 4.26 days (cv= 11.19%). Analysis of variance through linear models of the procedure Proc Glm of the statistics program SAS™ was used to study the environmental factors. Age at first calving was significantly affected by year and month of birth variables. The heritability of this trait, calculated from the intra-class correlation between half-sibs, was 0.16 ± 0.08. Regarding calving intervals, mean was 433.60 ± 3.69 days, with a standard deviation of 139.18 days and a cv= 32.10%; said statistical analysis was performed using the least squares method of the SAS™ algorithm Proc Glm. The analysis of variance showed that the year and month of birth, as well as the number of calvings, constituted statistically significant causes of the variation in calving interval in Romosinuano cattle females. The heritability of this trait, estimated through the components of variance from the Mtdfreml program, was 0.05 ± 0.04. The average reproductive efficiency was 85.11 %, with a standard deviation of 17.65% and individual variations between 117,74 and 32,19%. </p>
<p>Mediante el procedimiento general de modelos lineales (Proc Glm) del paquete estadístico SAS®, fueron analizados 1.877 registros de pesos al nacimiento, al destete y a los 16 meses de edad de terneros de la raza criolla colombiana Romosinuano nacidos en el Centro de Investigación Turipaná de Corpoica en Cereté (Córdoba) entre los años 1980 y 2001. Los pesos promedio al nacimiento, al destete y a los 16 meses de edad fueron en su orden de 30,65 ± 3,79 kg; 182,77 ± 29,35 kg y 247,18 ± 33,81 kg. Los efectos del año de nacimiento y el sexo del ternero fueron significativos (P< 0,01) para los tres momentos de pesaje. Por su parte, el efecto del número de partos de la vaca fue significativo (P< 0,01) sólo para los pesos al nacimiento y al destete; el mes de nacimiento afectó (P< 0,01) los pesos al destete y a los 16 meses de edad. Las estimaciones de los parámetros genéticos se obtuvieron a través de los componentes de varianza y covarianza del programa Mtdfreml mediante un modelo animal. Las heredabilidades directas (h2) estimadas para los tres momentos de pesaje fueron de 0,17 ± 0,06 (nacimiento), 0,14 ± 0,05 (destete) y 0,13 ± 0,05 (16 meses). Las h2 estimadas para el efecto materno sobre los pesos al nacimiento y al destete fueron de 0,087 ± 0,03 y 0,12 ± 0,03, respectivamente. Las correlaciones genéticas, fenotípicas y ambientales entre los pesos al nacimiento, al destete y a los 16 meses fueron bajas en términos generales; no obstante, entre el peso al destete y a los 16 meses, fueron altas y positivas. </p><p> </p><p><strong>Environmental and genetic effects on birth, weaning and yearling weights in native Romosinuano calves </strong></p><p>Using the general lineal models (Proc Glm) of the statistical package SAS® data of weights at birth, weaning and 16th months of 1,877 native Colombian Romosinuano breed calves born at the Turipaná Research Station of Corpoica located at Cereté (Córdoba, Colombia) during the years 1980 to 2001 were analyzed. The average weights at birth, weaning and 16 months were 30.65 ± 3.79 kg, 182.77 ± 29.35 kg and 247.18 ± 33.81 kg, respectively. The year at birth and calf gender were significant sources of variation (P < 0.01) over the three weighing times, while calving number affected only the birth and weaning weights (P < 0.01); birth month affected (P < 0.01) the weaning and 16 month weight. Estimations of genetic parameters were obtained using components of variance and covariance from the program Mtdfreml using an animal model. The heritability estimates (h2) of direct effects for the three weights were 0.17 ± 0.06, 0.14 ± 0.05 and 0.13 ± 0.05, respectively. The h2 estimated for maternal effect on birth and weaning weights was 0.087 ± 0.03 and 0.12 ± 0.03, respectively. Genetic, phenotypic and environmental correlations between birth, weaning and yearling weights were low overall; whereas those between weaning and yearling weights were high and positive. </p>
Intrabreed additive genetic, environmental, and phenotypic variances and covariances for Romosinuano (R) and Zebu (Z), as well as interbreed nonadditive genetic variances and covariances (sire x breed-group-of-dam interactions), for birth weight (BWT), weaning weight (WW), and postweaning gain (GW) were computed using a Romosinuano-Zebu multibreed data set from the Turipaná Experiment Station in Colombia. Covariances were estimated with a sire-maternal grandsire model, using a multibreed REML procedure. The computing algorithm was a generalized expectation-maximization (GEM) algorithm. This algorithm yields no asymptotic standard errors as part of its computations. Because of the small size of the data set (2,546 calves), these REML covariance estimates should be viewed with caution. Estimates of intrabreed heritabilities were similar to the ratios of interbreed nonadditive to phenotypic variances (interactibilities) for direct and maternal effects of the growth traits evaluated in this study. Intrabreed heritability estimates for BWT, WW, and GW direct genetic effects were .16, .09, and .14, for R and .24, .10, and .14 for Z. Corresponding heritability values for maternal effects were .18, .09, and .23 for R and .14, .13, and .07 for Z. Interactibility estimates were .21, .05, and .12, for direct and .26, .04, and .11, for maternal BWT, WW, and GW. Negative correlations between additive maternal weaning weight and direct and maternal postweaning gain, as well as between environmental weaning weight and postweaning gain, suggested that there was compensatory postweaning gain in this herd. Estimates of genetic variation and predictions of expected progeny differences showed that Romosinuano animals competed well against Zebu and RZ crossbred animals under the tropical environmental conditions at Turipaná.
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