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Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a neoplasm characterized by excessive accumulation of B lymphocytes in the peripheral blood, bone marrow and lymph nodes. We assessed the expressions of 22 genes in the p53 pathway in 30 CLL patients and 15 healthy subjects by a RT2 Profiler PCR (polymerase chain reaction) Array technique and their relation to cytogenetic aberrations detected by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Our Student’s t-test results indicated that ATM, ATR, BAX, CASP9, CDK4, CDKN2A, CHEK1, CHEK2, E2F3, MCL1, MDM2, MDM4, PCNA, RB1, P53 and BCL2 genes were statistically significant (p <0.001). For six genes (APAF1, CDKN1A, E2F1, GADD45A, PTEN and PTX3) were not statistically significant. The ATM, ATR, BAX, CASP9, CDK4, CDKN1A, CDKN2A, CHEK1, CHEK2, MDM2, MDM4, PCNA, RB1, P53, E2F1, GADD45A and BCL2 genes were found to be upregulated by the 2-ᐃᐃCt (relative fold change in gene expression) method. The highest up-regulation was detected in CDKN2A and BCL2 genes, 10.22- and 8.51-fold, respectively. On the other hand, the PTX3 gene with a fold regulation of 1.84 was found to the highest downregulation. Overall, the CDNK2A BCL2 and PTX3 genes are related to the mechanism of the disease in the p53 pathway and may be an important predictor of the prognosis of the disease. The BCL2 gene may be associated with increased risk of developing CLL. We suggest that the PTX3 gene may be considered as a marker associated with CLL disease. The CDKN2A gene expression seems to play a protective role in CLL.

1961 Anayasası'nın yürürlüğe girmesini takip eden süreçte sol/sosyalist fikirler görünürlük kazanmıştır. 1960'ların ilk yarısında örgütlenme faaliyetlerine yoğunlaşan sol çevreler Anayasanın kazanımlarının korunması, planlı kalkınma hedefinin gerçekleştirilmesi ve toplumsal eşitsizliklerin merkezi politikalarla giderilmesi konusunda benzer fikirlere sahip olmuştur. Eğitim sisteminin yeniden yapılandırılması bu hedeflere ulaşabilmenin ön şartlarından biri olarak düşünülmüştür. Bu çalışmada 1961-1965 arasındaki dönemde sol/sosyalist siyasetin eğitim başlığını hangi ekonomipolitik bağlamda ve hangi temel başlıklar altında ele aldığı incelenecektir. Sözü edilen amaca uygun olarak Yön Dergisi'ne,TİP çevresinin çıkardığı Sosyal AdaletDergisi'ne TİP'in ve CHP'nin parti programı, bildiri ve seçim beyannamelerine, gazete arşivlerine başvurulacaktır. Türkiye solunun eğitime yüklediği misyon, planlı kalkınma, anti-emperyalizm ve sosyal adalet gibi dönemin sık başvurulan kavramları etrafında tartışılacaktır. Eğitim sistemindeki ABD etkisine ve anti-komünizm uygulamalarına karşı tepkilere,Köy Enstitülerinin yeniden açılması taleplerine, halkçı eğitim tartışmalarına yer verilecek, bu dönemde yükseköğretime dair sorunların sol/sosyalist dergilerde ve partilerde nasıl ele alındığı incelenecektir.

This paper aims to extrapolate the different political stances of Islamist actors with respect to their reciprocal interaction with the ANAP governments in the 1980s in Turkey. Based on a selection of Islamist publications, this article analyzes the views of prominent traditional Islamic groups such as Erenköy and İskenderpaşa orders and Islamist authors about government policies during the period between 1983-1991 in which the ANAP governed as the single party. The analysis will take place on three subjects that shaped the aforementioned period as well as the entirety of Turkish-Ottoman modernization. The subject of economy reveals that Islamists benefitted from neoliberal policies while taking a critical position towards it. In terms of culture, as the second subject, Islamists criticized the ANAP governments for encouraging individualist-hedonistic tendencies and invited them to Islamize the realms of education and culture. The subject of international relations, on the other hand, was dominated by Turkey's possible accession to the European Community (EC) on which various Islamist groups tried to have an impact by steering the ANAP's foreign policies.