• Rapid angio-MRI protocol and the usual lengthy protocol show equal diagnostic performance. • The CE-MRA is the key sequence for the detection of HNPGLs. • The T1WIV sequence assists in localizing HNPGLs.
International audienceDescription of risk-taking behaviours (repeated suicide attempts, addictions with or without drugs, some sports activities, some forms of car driving, some games as " russian rulet ") shows two possibilities: risk denial (non recognition of risk) and risk challenge (recognition of risk). From a clinical point of view, the description of those behaviours needs the recognition of difference between post-modern cultural activities and pathological behaviours. Concept of " risk " was not regarded as a good principle of classification before, and the class of " risk taking behaviours " is a new category of diseases. In the past, risk-taking behaviours have been considered as indirect self-destructive behaviours or as addictions. Now, that class of pathological behaviours is autonomous and requires, as characteristic, the active search of danger without precaution. Generally, risk-taking behaviours begin with an " initiation experience " , which is keeping a high psychical importance, patients trying to obtain the same satisfaction by repetition of acts. Psychopathological interpretation leads to different patterns: 1/ sensation seeking, and opposition between sensations and emotions, 2/ mastery of libidinal excitation, 3/ " ordalic " behaviour, and 4/ new libidinal economy and repetition. The first conception is based on Zuckerman theory (" sensation seeking theory "). Some patients may experience a low level of cortical arousal and risk-taking behaviours may help them in producing excitation. This theory could explain some parts of those behaviours. But an additional factor is necessary: the opposition between sensations (physiological) and emotions (psychical, affects, feelings). The main problem is that taking risk patients suffer from experiencing emotions, which threaten them and try to avoid them in producing high sensations. The theory of mastery of libidinal excitation develops the idea that object relationship are threatening the subject who seems unconsciously depending on the libidinal object. Jeammet, Marcelli insist on the default of " narcissic seating " or on the fragility of primary narcissism among those patients. In front of the excitation induced by libidinal objects, a psychical working out is impossible. So the patient tries to control or to avoid the excitation by some acts (acting out). Pleasure of risk-taking behaviours derives from the physical sensations and, above all, from the victory on the power of the libidinal object. Secondary, the pleasure is depending from the attitude of the others: fascination, connection with a group of initiate persons. The theory of ordalic behaviour insists on the problem of identity. Ordalic behaviours are considered as repeated.La clinique des conduites à risques (tentatives de suicide répétées, addictions avec ou sans produit, certaines conduites sexuelles, certains sports, certaines conduites automobiles, jeux, roulette russe...) montre qu'à côté de situations de méconnaissance (déni du risque), existent bien des comportements dans les...
International audienceEste texto describe las funciones de los objetos de relación en situaciones individuales y de grupo con los pacientes esquizofrénicos. Realizando una exposición sintética de las cualidades y funcíones de los objetos de relacíón, presenta la emergencía de un objeto de relación en una terapia individual con una paciente esquizofrénica, enfocada como grupo, es decir tomando en cuenta la escenarización dentro del espacio terapéutico de su grupalidad psíquica. Luego la autora presenta algunas funciones específicas del objeto de relación en situaciones grupales y las ilustra presentando particularmente en un grupo de terapia de pacientes esquizofrénicos, la reactivación de la cadena asociativa y la articulación entre la cadenas asociativas individuales y grupales.Ce texte décrit les fonctions des objets de relation en situation individuelle et groupale avec les patients schizophrènes. Après un exposé synthétique des qualités et fonctions des objets de relation, est présentée l’émergence d’un objet de relation dans une situation de thérapie individuelle avec une patiente schizophrène, considérée de façon groupale, c’est-à-dire en tenant compte de la scénarisation, dans l’espace de la thérapie, de sa groupalité psychique. Quelques fonctions spécifiques de l’objet de relation en situation de groupe sont ensuite illustrées à partir de la présentation d’un groupe de thérapie de patients schizophrènes : en particulier la relance de la chaîne associative et l’articulation entre les chaînes associatives individuelles et groupales
Résumé Ce texte décrit le fonctionnement psychique dissocié et dissociant d’un groupe de parole de patient psychotique, produisant ce que l’auteur nomme les « pointillés associatifs » et étudie les étapes de son évolution vers la construction d’une véritable chaîne associative groupale. Les conditions psychiques rendant possible ce changement élaboratif sont étudiées et décrites.
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