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A new channel dynamics scheme (alternative system predictor in real time (ASPIRE)), designed specifically for real‐time river flow forecasting, is introduced to reduce uncertainty in the forecast. ASPIRE is a storage routing model that limits the influence of catchment model forecast errors to the downstream station closest to the catchment. Comparisons with the Muskingum routing scheme in field tests suggest that the ASPIRE scheme can provide more accurate forecasts, probably because discharge observations are used to a maximum advantage and routing reaches (and model errors in each reach) are uncoupled. Using ASPIRE in conjunction with the Kalman filter did not improve forecast accuracy relative to a deterministic updating procedure. Theoretical analysis suggests that this is due to a large process noise to measurement noise ratio.

Electromechanical systems such as computer peripherals, cash registers, and some office equipment have service manuals which describe repair procedures at a certain practical level of detail, eg., about board or electromechanical unit replacement. Repair of such systems is normally accomplished by direct replacement of Field Replaceable Units (FRUs). Detection and redacement of defective FRUs are the basic odjectives of the repair task in these systems. systems for Depending on the type of system serviced, service manuals vary considerably in complexity. Buildingm I For some svstems, comdex decision trees and repair clomams flowcharts are part of the manual while in other systems only rudimentary information on repairAbstract: This paper describes a conceptual framework for building expert systems in repair domains. A specific example of the use of this framework in building an expert system for a field service repair problem is given. The example system is designed to assist fieZd service technicians-in ~roub~shooting and repait.ing electronic systems at the board level. This system, a Field Service Advisor (Fieldserve), is designed ( I ) to diagnose single or multiple defects in electronic systems, (2) to guide a technician through appropriate repairprocedures, (3) to verifi diagnoses and monitor repair effectiveness and ( 4 ) tc control. zaintain records for subsequent evaluation and quality.-

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