Purpose To investigate the treatment outcome of nocturnal enuresis (NE) according to first-morning urine osmolality (Uosm) before treatment. Materials and Methods Ninety-nine children (mean age, 7.2±2.1 y) with NE were enrolled in this retrospective study and divided into two groups according to first-morning Uosm results, that is, into a low Uosm group (<800 mOsm/L; 38 cases, 38.4%) or a high Uosm group (≥800 mOsm/L; 61 cases, 61.6%). Baseline parameters were obtained from frequency volume charts of at least 2 days, uroflowmetry, post-void residual volume, and a questionnaire for the presence of frequency, urgency, and urinary incontinence. Standard urotherapy and pharmacological treatment were administered initially in all cases. Enuresis frequency and response rates were analyzed at around 1 month and 3 months after treatment initiation. Results The level of first-morning Uosm was 997.1±119.6 mOsm/L in high Uosm group and 600.9±155.9 mOsm/L in low Uosm group (p<0.001), and first-morning voided volume (p=0.021) and total voided volume (p=0.019) were significantly greater in the low Uosm group. Furthermore, a significantly higher percentage of children in the low Uosm group had a response rate of ≥50% (CR or PR) at 1 month (50.0% vs. 24.6%; p=0.010) and 3 months (63.2% vs. 36.1%; p=0.009). Conclusions Treatment response rates are higher for children with NE with a lower first-morning Uosm.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the treatment modality for prostatic abscesses according to size. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five patients diagnosed with prostatic abscesses were retrospectively reviewed. All patients were treated with intravenous empirical and appropriate antibiotics according to culture results. They were grouped according to the size of the prostate abscess based on computed tomography results (group A, with prostate abscess ≤2 cm, n=10; group B, with prostate abscess size >2 cm, n=15), and their treatment modality and outcomes were compared. Results: The prostatic abscess sizes were 1.31±0.37 and 3.49±1.06 cm for groups A and B, respectively. Prostate-specific antigen, prostatic volume, and comorbidity were not significantly different (p>0.05), whereas pelvic pain was significantly different (p=0.028). There was no difference in the microorganisms isolated from urine and blood culture, empirical antibiotics, and broad-spectrum antibiotics between the two groups (p>0.05). More patients in group B underwent transurethral abscess deroofing than those in group A (p=0.040). Patients in group B had a more extended hospitalization period and intravenous antibiotics duration than those in group A (p=0.024 and p=0.013, respectively). Group B had more cases of septic shock, intensive care unit admission, and mortality events than group A (p=0.024, p=0.001, and p=0.061, respectively). However, prostatic abscess recurrence and urological chronic complication did not significantly differ (p>0.05). Conclusions: Appropriate use of antibiotics is crucial. This study shows that the treatment of patients with prostatic abscess >2 cm is more difficult, but transurethral abscess deroofing can lower mortality, prostatic abscess recurrence, and urological chronic complications.

diversion. Among all patients, 26 cases were in RCþPLND group, with the age of ) years. Laparoscopic surgery was performed in 15 cases, robotic-assisted in 10 cases, and open surgery in 1 case due to excessive bleeding. Pathological stage was Ta/ Tis: 6 cases and T1: 20 cases. None positive lymph node was found. There were 37 cases in RC only group, with the age of 66 (IQR: 59-73) years. Laparoscopic surgery was performed in 7 cases, and roboticassisted in 30 cases. Pathological stage was Ta/Tis: 6 cases and T1: 31 cases. The operation time of RC group was significantly shorter than that of RCþPLND group (241AE63 min vs. 335AE83 min, p < 0.001), and the intraoperative blood loss was significantly lower than that of RCþPLND group (p[0.026). The average daily postoperative drainage volume of patients in RC group was significantly less than that in RCþPLND group (p[0.002), and the time from postoperative to discharge was shorter (8.0AE2.4 vs. 11.2AE6.3 days, p[0.019). Within 90 days after operation, the incidence of Clavien-Dindo grade II-III complications in RC group were lower than that in RCþPLND group (2.7% vs 19.2%, p[0.073). At the median follow-up of 9.5 (IQR: 6.9-12.8) months, there was no significant difference in PFS and OS between the two groups (Figure 1).CONCLUSIONS: For high-risk NMIBC patients, combined PLND has no survival benefit but increases the incidence of complications.