what has demanded from practical applications for collecting the big data. Therefore, to resolve the cost issues, a R2R printing foundry has been highly attracted because the flexible passive components (such as sensor electrodes, capacitors, and antenna) are able to integrate with their flexible active components (such as display, processor, [3] transponder, [4] analogto-digital converter (ADC), [5] operation amplifier [6]) through a R2R inline printing system. [7] However, although sensor electrodes, [8] capacitors, [9] antenna, [10] and thin film transistor (TFT) active matrix-based display [11] have been successfully printed via R2R printing method, they cannot integrate with flexible active components yet through the R2R inline printing system so far. The major reason in difficulty of inline integration of R2R printed passive components with the flexible active components was mainly originated from the incompatibility between printing and vacuum deposition techniques, employed in manufacturing those flexible active components. Although a printing process was incorporated with the vacuum deposition methods in fabricating those flexible active components, it was limited to fabricating only the semiconducting layers, [12] and lacked the scalability required for practical mass production. Thus, those hybrid vacuum deposition and printing processes cannot be incorporated into the R2R printing foundry. To establish the R2R printing foundry concept, the design rule that encompasses physical dimensions and electrical parameters of the fully printed devices should be first established. The design rule in a semiconductor fabrication plant-referred to as the foundry-is a compromised rule between circuit design engineers and process engineers to provide the geometry of an integrated circuit layout with an acceptable cost. However, unlike the Si-chip foundry, the printed devices' physical dimensions and electrical parameters are variable to the rheological parameters of the electronic inks, the web tension, printing speed, and overlay printing registration accuracy (OPRA) of employed R2R printer. Therefore, the design rule of the R2R printing foundry (Figure 1a) should be always comprising characteristics of both employed ink and R2R printer to prove that the R2R printed complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-based active

spanning almost the entire range of commercial products in industry, agriculture, and medicine. That is why the development of roll-to-roll (R2R) printed passive RFID tags is extremely attractive, due to perceived cost reduction achievableindeed, this has been the driving force for the realization of the penny RFID tag for the ID and the authentication without incorporating any encryption engine. SuchThe ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.201900935.Printed electronics has been received a great deal of attention in the last two decades with a primary focus being on the use of organic semiconductors for the inexpensive and flexible electronic devices. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Applications such as flexible displays and passive radio frequency identification (RFID) tags have been widely touted in this regard. In particular, the roll-to-roll (R2R) printed passive 13.56 MHz RFID tag has a very competitive advantage for ID and authentication to prevent counterfeits over the traditional Si-chip based one because the low cost is always the first priority to be considered to authenticate genuine products

As one of conducting polymers, PEDOT:PSS, is commonly used in organic electronics, especially for bioelectronics due to its advantages such as high electrical and ionic conductivity, solution-processability and biocompatibility. Creating bioelectronics with the PEDOT:PSS requires advanced techniques to obtain physical/chemical modification of the PEDOT:PSS for improved performance and various applications. To satisfy these demands, fibrillary gelation of PEDOT:PSS by injection to choline acetate, an ionic liquid, with a constant flow rate was used in this study to make a conductive fiber and improve characteristics of PEDOT:PSS. Conductive fibers by fibrillary gelation showed enhanced electrical conductivity of about 400 S cm−1 and volumetric capacitance of about 154 F cm−3 which would be strongly beneficial to be utilized for organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs), resulting in a high transconductance of 19 mS in a depletion-mode. Moreover, dedoping of the conductive fibers by PEI (polyethyleneimine) enabled the creation of enhancement-mode OECTs. Interdigitated inverters were then fabricated by connecting depletion and enhancement-mode OECTs. These results demonstrate that these conductive fibers and electronic-textiles are suitable candidates for applications in bio-integrated electronics.

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Roll‐to‐roll (R2R) printed electronic devices have great advantages for developing large scale flexible and disposable devices when compared to current Si‐based technology. For practical realization of these advantages, however, R2R printed devices need to surmount device functionality limitations, most urgently high‐power dissipation and poor device stability. To resolve both imperative challenges at once, herein, an all R2R printed complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) 1‐bit code generator with spin‐coated multilayer encapsulation method is developed. In order to print CMOS devices by an all‐R2R gravure printing method, electrical amphoteric property of the single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) is utilized to fabricate both p‐type and n‐type SWCNT based thin film transistors (TFTs). In addition, printable encapsulating polymeric materials (CYTOP and FG‐3650) are developed to effectively prevent H2O permeation. The resulting CMOS 1‐bit code generator is able to continuously operate for 2 h under ambient conditions without any variation in output voltage and frequency.