Angioleiomyoma (AL) is a very rare benign tumor that originates from smooth muscle cells and has thick walled vessels. It may be found throughout the body but more frequently occurs in the lower extremities and rarely develops in the head and other parts of the body. This paper presents a case report of giant AL detected in a 33-year-old woman who complained of severe anemia, menorrhagia, and palpable lower abdominal mass. The patient underwent myomectomy and was diagnosed with AL based on the pathological report of mass. The effective treatment for AL is either simple hysterectomy or angiomyomectomy depending on the patient's desire to preserve fertility and symptom.

Infections of the vulva can present a complex differential to the gynecologist, ranging from superficial skin infections to lifethreatening necrotizing fasciitis. Recognition and timely treatment remain universal to skin and soft-tissue infections as the subcutaneous anatomy of the vulva can facilitate rapid spread to other tissues with significant morbidity and mortality. Employing a multidisciplinary team approach to care for vulvar cellulitis and abscess can guide treatment from antibiotic therapies to more aggressive surgical debridement. In this report, we describe a case of vulvar abscess caused by Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in a postmenopausal woman with underlying diseases of bronchiectasis and atelectasis.

Concerns about female genital cosmetic surgery, especially cosmetic vaginoplasty, in South Korea Sir,We read the commentary of Barbara et al.(1) on female genital cosmetic surgery (FGCS) and the anatomical and biomechanical views of Petros (2). We would like to comment on FGCS in South Korea. As in many Western countries, FGCS is very popular in South Korea. The most common procedures are vaginoplasty and labia minora labiaplasty (3). Importantly, there is no definitive evidence that cosmetic genital surgery is beneficial; the genitals differ from the skin, face and breasts from a cosmetic viewpoint. The most popular FGCS in postpartum women is vaginoplasty; this is plastic surgery of the vaginal opening, canal and epithelium. Many women seek to tighten a vagina loosened by parity, aging and frequent coitus, to increase both their own sexual pleasure and that of their partners. Such surgery is common and the available techniques include anterior colporrhaphy, high-posterior colporrhaphy, excision of the lateral vaginal mucosa, and combinations of these procedures (4). Laser vaginoplastic surgery is also popular, and a ring or fillers can be used in the vagina. Advertisements promoting cosmetic surgery are common in South Korea, and FGCS is also promoted actively on the internet and in magazines. The procedures are described as "easy," "effective" and "satisfactory." However, there is no proof that FGCS effectively improves female sexual functioning in terms of any of desire, arousal or orgasm; rather increasing dyspareunia (5). A simple cut can eliminate the vaginal elasticity that maintains vaginal tension during coitus (2). Many postmenopausal women who have undergone such surgery suffer from severe vaginal atrophy; shrinkage causes dyspareunia (6). Laser or filler procedures are also of doubtful utility; long-term follow-up data are lacking. Vaginoplasty has become popular in South Korea, as the female genitalia have become increasingly viewed as a cosmetic organ. However, most women lack information on female sexual function and the long-term effects of FGCS. In Korea, attitudes toward FGCS are conservative and reflect cultural notions. Sex is regarded as a male realm and an intact hymen reflecting virginity indicates that a woman is virtuous. Hymen reconstruction, also called revirgination when the hymen has been torn during sexual intercourse, is achieved by approximating the free borders of the hymen remnants, using fine absorbable sutures to achieve partial occlusion of the introitus (7). Often a patient's hair is used as thread because when the thread is released, it is readily passed off as simply a pubic hair. Requests for other types of FGCS are also affected by cultural considerations. Cosmetic vaginoplasty to ensure partner satisfaction is more common in South Korea than in other countries. Few relevant studies have appeared; most FGCS procedures are performed in private hospitals and are not discussed publicly.

No abstract

Background: This study analyzed the characteristics of sexual violence against women that occurred in one area in Republic of Korea. Methods: The medical records of 332 women who visited Emergency Unit, tertiary university Hospital with sexual violence as main complaint from Jun. 2007 to Oct. 2016 and were examined by obstetricians and gynecologists were reviewed retrospectively. Results: Most of victims were in their 20s. 79.5% of victims had sexual experience before case and this rate in adolescent group aged from 13 to 20 was 65.2%. 52.1% of cases occurred under influence of alcohol and 52.1% of victims had hepatitis B antibody. The most frequent condition of sexual violence in the age group of victims over 13 years old were Jun.-Aug., 0:00-6:00, stranger, and accommodation facility. Those conditions in victims under 13 years old were Sep.-Nov., 12:00-18:00, outdoor, and acquaintance. The follow-up rate after examination was performed in 40.1% of victims. Conclusions: This study showed that sexual violence against child has different characteristics with that general sexual violence. The low rate of carrying hepatitis B antibody in victims indicated the importance of vaccine inoculation and further studies are recommended to obtain statistical significance of the results in this study.