The available evidence is inadequate for understanding whether mass media interventions targeted toward ethnic minority populations are more effective in changing health behaviours than mass media interventions intended for the population at large. When compared to no intervention, a targeted mass media intervention may increase the number of calls to smoking quit line, but the effect on health behaviours is unclear. These studies could not distinguish the impact of different components, for instance the effect of hearing a message regarding behavioural change, the cultural adaptation to the ethnic minority group, or increase reach to the target group through more appropriate mass media channels. New studies should explore targeted interventions for ethnic minorities with a first language other than the dominant language in their resident country, as well as directly compare targeted versus general population mass media interventions.

Aim In Norway, each municipality is responsible for first line emergency healthcare, and has to have a general practitioner (GP) on call continuously. GPs are expected to assist patients and ambulance personnel at the site of severe injuries or illnesses. The Norwegian society invests substantial resources into emergency care, and it is desirable to find evidence to inform this practice. This systematic review aimed to examine how survival, time spent at the scene, the choice of transport destination, assessment of urgency, the number of admissions, and the number of cancellations of specialised prehospital resources were affected by the presence of a GP at the scene of a suspected severe injury. Method This systematic review utilised systematic, transparent methods. 1 We searched published and planned systematic reviews and primary studies in Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase, OpenGrey, GreyLit and trial registries in June 2016. Two authors independently screened the references and assessed the eligibility of all potentially relevant studies. The inclusion criteria for study design was based on the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care Group (EPOC). 2 Results The search for systematic reviews and primary studies identified 5415 articles. However, no studies met the predefined inclusion criteria. Most studies were excluded because they did not investigate either the target population (severely injured) or the intervention in question (presence of a general practitioner). Conclusion It remains uncertain how the presence of a general practitioner at the injury scene might affect the selected outcomes.

BACKGROUND Patient volume is assumed to affect quality, whereby complex procedures are best performed by those who perform them frequently. We have conducted a systematic review of the research on the association between patient volume and quality of vascular surgery. In this article we describe the outcomes for abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery.MATERIAL AND METHOD We undertook systematic searches in relevant databases. We searched for systematic reviews, and randomised and observational studies. The search was concluded in December 2015. We have summarised the results descriptively and assessed the overall quality of the evidence.RESULTS Forty-six observational studies fulfilled our inclusion criteria. We found a possible association for both hospital and surgeon volume. Higher patient volume may possibly be associated with lower 30-day mortality and lower hospital mortality for both open and endovascular surgery. Although the association appears to apply to both elective and acute hospitalisations, there is greater uncertainty with regard to the most ill patients. For hospital volume there may also be fewer complications for open and endovascular surgery, as well as for all surgery assessed as a whole. We considered the evidence base to be medium to very low quality.INTERPRETATION We found a possible correlation between patient volume and quality indicators such as mortality and complications. It may be advantageous to allocate planned procedures to institutions and surgeons with high volume, while this is less certain with regard to acute hospitalisations.

No studies met our inclusion criteria; consequently, it remains uncertain how the presence of a general practitioner at the injury scene might affect the selected outcomes.