Geomorphology-based rainfall-runoff models are particularly helpful for predicting hydrology in ungauged basins. The robustness, generality and flexibility of the modelling approach make it able to deal with a wide variety of processes, events and scales. It allows a rainfall-runoff transfer function to be estimated for any basin without needing to measure discharge. The aim of this study is to transpose hydrological observations from gauged to ungauged basins to predict streamflow hydrographs. It considers pairs of nested and neighbouring basins, the first one providing information for the second ungauged one. A time-series of the donor basin's discharge is deconvoluted by inverting its geomorphology-based transfer function to assess the time-series of net rainfall. The latter is then transposed to the receiver basin, where it is convoluted with the reciever basin's transfer function to predict the hydrograph therein. The methodology was implemented with virtual and real rainfall-runoff events on a set of basins in temperate Brittany, France. Different time scales and spatial configurations were tested. Goodness-of-fit of model predictions varied by basin pair. High prediction accuracy was observed when transposing hydrographs between nested basins differing greatly in size. Several ways to improve the approach are identified by relaxing simplifying assumptions
River networks are structural and functional backbones of river basins. They frequently display general scaling properties through their hierarchical topology. Their mathematical description further feeds geomorphology-based hydrological analyses and modelling approaches that require little calibration. Nevertheless, particular river basins display widely diverse geomorphometic structures in relation to relief, geology, climate and anthropogenic constraints, as well as various hydrological structure-function relationships. A robust, flexible and systematic approach is thus needed to allow for joint spatial, topological and scaling analyses, in order to explore the hydro-geomorphological diversity. The HydroStruct software application is dedicated to such analyses, and to easily link geomorphometric observations with hydrological analysis and modelling approaches, such as geomorphology-based transfer functions, accounting for rainfall variability within rainfall-runoff modelling, and impact assessment of landscape and hydraulic changes. HydroStruct was developed within the generic Ode-fiX framework, which provides Java software components to allow co-development and interfacing of object-oriented models.Les réseaux hydrographiques sont les ossatures structurelles et fonctionnelles des bassins versants. Ils présentent fréquemment des propriétés d’échelles à travers leur topologie de hiérarchie. De plus, leur description mathématique alimente une hydrologie à base géomorphologique, à travers des analyses et des modélisations peu exigeantes en calage. Cependant, les bassins versants présentent des structures géomorphométriques très variées, en lien avec le relief, la géologie, le climat et des contraintes anthropiques ainsi qu’une diversité de relations structure-fonction hydrologiques. Une approche robuste, flexible et systématique est par conséquent nécessaire pour faciliter des analyses conjointes spatiales, topologiques et scalantes et, ainsi, explorer la diversité hydro-géomorphologique. L’application logicielle HydroStruct est dédiée à de telles analyses, mais aussi à l’articulation des observations géomorphométriques avec des analyses et des modélisations hydrologiques telles que des approches basées sur des fonctions de transfert à base géomorphologique, la prise en compte de la variabilité de la pluie au sein de la modélisation pluie-débit et l’évaluation de l’impact de changements paysagers et hydrauliques. HydroStruct a été développé au sein du cadre générique OdefiX, qui fournit des composants logiciels en Java, dans l’optique de faciliter le co-développement et l’interfaçage de modèles orientés objet
Résumé La possibilité d’éliminer la turbidité d’origine minérale (liée notamment à la présence de fer ferrique), en utilisant un système d’oxygénation suivi de la filtration, a été étudiée à l’échelle du laboratoire dans le but de minimiser l’effet protecteur de ce paramètre contre la désinfection de ces eaux. Différents tests ont été effectués à partir d’échantillons d’eau de forage (forage PK 10, forage PK 11 et forage PK 14) et d’échantillons mixtes (mélange PK 10, mélange PK 11 et mélange PK 14) représentatifs de l’eau brute utilisée à la station de Sfax pour la production d’eau potable. L’efficacité de ce traitement a été évaluée par la mesure de la turbidité, de la concentration totale de fer en solution et du chlore avant et après traitement. Les meilleurs résultats ont été obtenus lors de l’oxygénation de l’eau du forage PK 14 pendant 90 minutes suivie d’une double filtration. Ce mode de traitement a permis un excellent abattement de la turbidité (95,3 %). Une importante déferrisation des eaux PK 14 (81,9 %) a été obtenue par un traitement d’oxygénation suivi d’une simple filtration.
Résumé. Retrospective forensics of the 1969 extreme hydrometeorological events in Tunisia -Tunisia experienced extreme rainfall-flood events in September and October 1969 across most of the country. These events have been gauged and reconstituted in such a detailed manner that they are now the best known extreme events in Maghreb, both because they represent the most important events ever quantified and because many land uses and hydraulic facilities have changed and been set up since then, thus changing regimes. The retrospective forensics of these events are much valuable not only in terms of hydrological and geomorphological knowledge, but also in terms of actual and future water and infrastructure management as many dams, overexploited groundwater, human settlement and security stakes are now depending and vulnerable to such possible events in the future.
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