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Registration of 'Rampart' Wheat Rampart, a hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar (Reg. no. CV-845, P1593889) with tolerance to damage caused by wheat stem sawfly (Cephus cinctus Norton), was developed and released by the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station in 1996. Rampart resulted from an FS selection from the cross 'Lew'/'TiberV/'Redwin'. Lew is the source of sawfly resistance (1). Rampart was evaluated as MTS92042 in Montana Preliminary, Intrastate, and Off-Station yield nurseries from 1992 to 1996 and in the Northern Regional Winter Wheat Performance Nursery in 1996. Following selection for stem solidness and uniformity in F? headrows and Fg linerows during 1993 and 1994, 103 linerows were bulked as breeder seed. Rampart will supplement and/or replace 'Vanguard' (2), a sib selection which is currently the only other sawfly-tolerantwinter wheat availableforMontanaproducers. Rampart is a bronze-chaffed cultivar with awned spikes. Kernels are hard, red, and long, with a sloped back, a midsized germ, and a heavy brush. Kernel cheeks are rounded to angular, with an open crease. Coleoptile length of Rampart is very long, averaging 10 to 20 mm longer than the conventional-height cultivars Vanguard, Rocky, and Neeley in replicated growth chamber evaluation (dark) at 20°C for 12 d. Rampart has some field tolerance to wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) or its vector, wheat curl mite (Aceria tosichella Keifer), in Montana. Rampart is resistant to prevalent races of stem rust (caused by Puccinia graminis Pers.:Pers.) but susceptible to leaf rust (caused by P. recondita Roberge ex Desmaz.), stripe rust (caused by P. striiformis Westend.), dwarf bunt (caused by Tilletia contraversa Ktthn in Rabenh.), and Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia Mordvilko). Rampart is medium in maturity, heading about 1 d later than Rocky and 'Judith' but 2 to 3 d earlier than Neeley. Rampart is similar in height to Judith, Neeley, and Vanguard (86 cm, 36 environments), with a tendency to lodge, particularly in high-yield environments. Winterhardiness of Rampart is similar to Vanguard, Rocky, and 'Centurk'. Rampart expresses high levels of stem solidness in most environments, and like other solid-stemmed genotypes, shows lower levels of larval infestation, reduced feeding damage, and less head weight reduction than hollow-stemmed genotypes (3). Additionally, stem solidness reduces the numbers of larvae which cut stems and reach a successful overwintering position (3). Rampart is tolerant to feeding and cutting damage of wheat stem sawfly based on limited yield testing under moderate to heavy sawfly infestations and field-scale observation of resistance to sawfly cutting under heavy sawfly infestations. Grain yield of Rampart is slightly lower than the best hollow-stemmed cultivars in the absence of wheat stem sawfly, but equivalent or superior to most hollow-stemmed cultivars under moderate to heavy sawfly infestations. From 1993 to 1996 (36 location-years), grain yield of Rampart (3931 kg ha~') was 7,5, and 2% lower than pred...

Basin wildrye is a native, cool-season, perennial bunchgrass adapted to deep, well-drained soils of the prairies and foothills of the western USA and Canada. In zones of lesser precipitation, basin wildrye is found in run-in areas or along gullies and intermittent water courses. This grass is broadly adapted to elevations from 600 to 2750 m, and where average annual precipitation ranges from 200 to 500 mm. It is very winterhardy and drought tolerant, and has good tolerance to acidity, alkalinity, and salinity (6). Stems are typically erect, stiff, and stout and 100 to 200 tall, but can reach heights of 300 croon good sites. Leaves of this species are firm and fiat, up to 2 cm wide and 50 to 76 cm in length. The seed heads (spikes) are 10 to 25 cm long and erect, with three to six spikelets per node and persistent awnlike glumes. Trailhead originated from line M-27, which was mass-selected from vigorous, indigenous basin wildrye plants near Roundup, MT, in 1959. This silty range site is at 1100 m elevation, and receives 250 to 355 mm of precipitation annually. Seed from more than 200 plants was bulked to form line M-27. From 1960 through 1990, USDA-NRCS established 172 basin wildrye field accessions in unreplicated observation trials (field plantings) under dryland conditions at the Bridger Plant Materials Center. These accessions were collected in Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, Alberta, and Saskatchewan. These lines were evaluated visually for establishment, vigor, and production potential. Based on superior performance, a seed-increase field of line M-27 was established at Bridger, MT, in 1961. Line M-27 was planted on 0.4 ha under isolation, and breeder seed (Syn 1) was produced from 1962 through 1969. The name Trailhead was derived from the proximity of the collection site to the origin of the 1989 Montana Centennial Cattle Drive. Trailhead has been evaluated in 105 NRCS field plantings throughout Montana and Wyoming. It has been evaluated for use as wildlife habitat, mineland reclamation, winter livestock grazing, stabilization, field barriers, and reclamation of saline or acidic soils. Trailhead consistently had superior establishment, vigor, and persistence at arid sites compared with other basin wildrye lines, including 'Magnar', the only other known cuitivar of basin wildrye (1). Replicated forage yield trials of Trailhead have been conducted at Bridger, Bozeman, Cardwell, and Moccasin, MT. In five trials at sites receiving >350 mm of precipitation annually, mean forage yields of Trailhead (100%) and Magnar (107%) were not significantly different (P = 0.05). However, at one site receiving less than 250 mm of annual precipitation, forage yields over a 6-yr period for Trailhead were significantly (P = 0.10) higher than those Magnar. Trailhead basin wildrye was released based on its superior performance under dry conditions. Trailhead is recommended for range and disturbed-site reclamation in the western USA and Canada. The major use of Trailhead is for late summer or winter grazing by livestock and wildlife (2).

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