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The definitions of theoretical plate and separating power are discussed, and the concept of "plate equivalency", now called the "separating performance" of a fractionating column, is worked out.The separating performance is a dimensionless measure for the actual separation (the separating effect) obtained under conditions of partial reflux, as a counterpart to the separating power, which is a dimensionless measure for the maximum separation that can be obtained only at rota! reflux.A clear picture of the influence on the separating performance of a fractiooating column exerted by variation of the reflux ratio can be gained by a new graphical representation, plotting separating performances against draw-off percentages, instead of against reflux ratios.The graph gives a simple illustrative explanation of a number of empirical distillation rules.

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